CNE302

Computer Organization and Architecture

Tutorial 01 : Introduction

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 Rules
• Door Closed after 30 M .
• phone silent .
• No attendance in other (groups / sections) other than Yours
• Ask questions Any time But raise your hand to speak

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 Today Goals
1. Levels of memory
2. Memory Locations and Addresses
3. von Neumann architecture

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 1- Types of computer memory per level

• External Storage (HDD, SDD)

• RAM (Main Memory)
• L3
• L2
• L1
• Registers

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2-Memory Locations and Addresses

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Example

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Example

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Q1: Consider a memory of 8 Byte words. How
many bits are needed to address any byte?

Ansa 3
2^3=8

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2address size in bit = memory size in byte

2n

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 3-Von Neumann architecture

1. Data and instructions are both stored as binary digits

2. Data and instructions are both stored in main memory
3. Instructions are fetched from memory one at a time and in order (serially)
4. The processor decodes and executes an instruction, before cycling around to fetch the next
instruction
5. The cycle continues until no more instructions are available

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 A processor based on Von Neumann architecture has five
special registers which it uses for processing:
1. (PC) program counter - holds the memory address of the
next instruction
2. (MAR) memory address register - holds the address of the
current instruction that is to be fetched from memory, or the
address in memory to which data is to be transferred
3. (MDR) memory data register - holds the contents found at
the address held in the MAR, or data which is to be
transferred to primary memory
4. (CIR) current instruction register - holds the instruction that
is currently being decoded and executed
5. (ACC) accumulator– holds the data being processed and the
results of processing

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Done ! Now lets recap

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 Q1 How many levels of
memory does the computer
have ? Describe them..

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Q2 Describe all of those component

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Q1 How many levels of memory dose the
computer have ? Describe them..
Q2 describe all of the component of the
von Neumann architecture
Q2 Draw data flow form the start to the
cpu
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