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Physical Chemistry 1

Hukum ke-3
Termodinamika
Dr. Mohammad Masykuri, M.Si.
Chemistry Education Study Program
Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Sebelas Maret University (UNS)
Website: http://masykuri.staff.fkip.uns.ac.id,
Teacher Training and Education Faculty
11/29/2023 email: mmasykuri@yahoo.com M. Masykuri_Physical Chemistry
1 1
Sebelas Maret University Solo, Peb 2020
Feb 2020
Entropi dan Hukum Ketiga

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Entropi dan Hukum Ketiga

Pada volume
konstan

Pada
tekanan konstan

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Pernyataan Hukum Ketiga

The Third Law of Thermodynamics defines zero entropy:

The entropy of a perfect crystal is zero when the


temperature of the crystal is equal to absolute
zero (0 K)

As the crystal warms to temperatures above 0 K, the


particles in the crystal start to move. The entropy of
the crystal gradually increases with temperature as
the average kinetic energy of the particles increases.

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Aplikasi Hukum Ketiga

The difference between the entropy of a substance in


the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases.
The Entropy of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Forms of
Sulfur Trioxide:

Compound So (J/mol-K)
SO3(s) 70.7
SO3(l) 113.8
SO3(g) 256.76

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Aplikasi Hukum Ketiga

Nilai entropi molar standar


beberapa zat pada 298K

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Interpretasi Molecular dari Entropi
Absolute entropies have been measured for many substances.
Arrange the following in order of increasing entropy (S)

c l ic k h e r e

C (graphite) C (diamond) C (g)


S 0  molJK 

CH3CH2CH3(g) CH4(g) CH3CH2OH(l)


S 0  molJK 

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Aplikasi Hukum Ketiga

Pada pemanasan, terjadi pertambahan entropi sistem


dan pada pendinginan, terjadi penurunan entropi.
Perubahan entropinya bisa dihitung dari:
T2 0
C
T Proses
p
S  dT
tekanan konstan
T1

Karena Cp selalu positif, maka setiap kenaikan suhu


selalu terjadi pertambahan entropi

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Penentuan Entropi pada Berbagai Suhu

1 Andaikan suatu zat padat mengalami perubahan


temperatur dari 0K sampai suatu temperatur di
bawah titik leburnya pada tekanan konstan, maka
perubahan entropinya dapat dihitung sebagai berikut:
Padat (0 K, P)  Padat (T, P)
T
C p0
S  ST0  S 00   dT
0
T
T
C 0 Dengan :
ST0  S 00  
p
dT S 00  0 JK 1mol 1
0
T
T dibawah titik lebur
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• Jawab: T
C p0
S  ST0  S 00   dT
0
T
T 0
C
S S 
0 0 p
T 0 dT
0
T

• Untuk air: ST = 0 + Cp ln (T2/T1)


• Untuk Fe: ST = 0 + integral ((a + bT2)/T) dT
ST = 0 + a ln (T2/T1) +b/2 (T22 – T21)
Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Physical Chemistry 1
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Penentuan Entropi pada Berbagai Suhu

Entropi dari suatu zat pada setiap suhu yang dinyatakan


relatif terhadap entropinya pada nol mutlak dapat
diperoleh dengan mengintegrasi dq(rev)/T dari nol
absolut hingga suhu yang diinginkan.

2 Entropi standard untuk zat cair di atas titik leburnya:


Tleb u r
C p0 ( s )H lebur
T
C p0 (l )
S   dT   
0
T dT
0
T Tlebur Tleb u r
T

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Penentuan Entropi pada Berbagai Suhu

3 Entropi standard untuk suatu gas di atas titik didihnya:


Tleb u r 0 T 0
C ( s) H lebur C (l )
  
p p
S 0
T dT  dT
0
T Tlebur Tleb u r
T
H uap T 0
C (g)

p
  dT
Tdidih Td id ih
T

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Penentuan Entropi pada Suatu Reaksi

Berdasarkan hukum ketiga dapat ditentukan entropi


absolut suatu zat pada berbagai suhu.
Selanjutnya harga entropi absolut ini dapat digunakan
untuk menghitung perubahan entropi suatu reaksi.

Pada reaksi:
aA + bB  cC + dD

S   S
0 0
produk S 0
reaktan

S 0  (cS C0  dS D0 )  (aS A0  bS B0 )

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Penentuan Entropi pada Suatu Reaksi

Contoh:
1 Tentukan So pada reaksi-reaksi berikut pada 25oC:
a. H2(g) + ½O2(g)  H2O(l)
b. CH4(g) + ½O2(g)  CH3OH(l)
Jawab :
1 0
a S 0
298 S 0
H2O  (S 0
H2  S O2 )
2
= 69,92 – (130,57+ (1/2 x 205,3)
= -163,16 JK-1

Nilai S0 diperoleh dari data – data tabel.


b Kerjakan sendiri..
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Penentuan Entropi pada Suatu Reaksi

2 Calculate the entropy change (DS) the reaction of gaseous


hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with hydrogen to form liquid water.

Appendix C: Therm odynam ic Q uantities


for Selected Com pounds at 298K
o
Com pound S (J/m ol-K)
H 2 O (l) 69.93
H 2 O 2 (g) 232.9
H 2 (g) 130.6

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Kemanfaatan Hukum Ketiga

Dari harga S0 dapat ditentukan S0T untuk suatu


reaksi pada suatu suhu tertentu.
Selanjutnya dari S0T dan H0T dapat ditentukan
G0T dari persamaan:

G0T = H0T – T S0T

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Kemanfaatan Hukum Ketiga

Problem set:
1. Calculate the standard free energy change (DG0)
associated with boiling water at 25oC and 1 atm
o o
Com pound H (kJ/m ol)
f S (J/m ol-K)
H 2 O (l) -285.8 69.93
H 2 O (g) -241.8 188.8

Estimate the temperature at which liquid water is in


equilibrium with its vapor at 1 atm. pressure.

H2O(l) H2O(g) H 0  44kJ


S 0  119 KJ
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Kemanfaatan Hukum Ketiga

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Teacher Training and Education Faculty M. Masykuri_Physical Chemistry 1
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Tanggal Penting

UAS: MINGGU DEPAN


• Sifat ujian: opened books, closed laptop
Materi:
• Entropi
• Energi bebas
• Kespontanan dan kesetimbangan
• Hukum ketiga

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