PCOD/PCOS

Name: Anchal Dhiman UID: 21BND1004

SUB NAME: CLINICAL DIETETICS
SUB CODE:21NDH 301
CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

ETIOLOGY

SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS

COMPLICATIONS

TREATMENTS OPTIONS

LIFESTYLES AND SELF CARE

PREVALENCE

DIETARY GUIDELINES

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES
 PCOD /PCOS
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal disorder that affects millions of
women worldwide . It can cause arrange of symptoms and complications ,
but with proper care , many women with pcos are able to live healthy and
fulfilling lives.
UNDERSTANDING PCOD/PCOS
 PCOD OR PCOS

• PCOD ( polycystic ovary disease) is a • PCOS(polycystic ovary syndrome ) is a

condition where the ovaries produce many hormonal disorder that affects the
small cysts, leading to hormonal imbalances reproductive system and can lead to various
and infertility in some cases. health problems , including acne , hair
growth, infertility, mood swings and more.
ETIOLOGY OF PCOD /PCOS AND RISK
FACTORS

• Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation: Chronic low-grade inflammation has been implicated

in the pathophysiology of PCOD and PCOS Inflammation can contribute to insulin
resistance and disrupt normal ovarian function

• Environmental Factors: Environmental factors, such as exposure to endocrine disruptors

and certain lifestyle factors, may also play a role in the development and progression of
PCOD and PCOS

• High-calorie diets, sedentary lifestyles, and high-sugar diets have been suggested as
possible exacerbating factors
 RISK FACTORS

Click icon to add picture Click icon to add picture Click icon to add picture

HORMONAL IMBALANCE GENETICS Insulin Resistance

AN excess of androgens , the male hormones PCOS can run in families , indicating a Insulin resistance, which occurs when the body
found in both men and women, can disrupt genetic component to disorder. cannot effectively use insulin, can lead to
normal ovulation,leading to pcos. higher levels of insulin in the blood and
contribute to the development of PCOS.
 SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS

• Symptoms
• Irregular periods, acne, hair loss, weight gain, mood swings, sleep apnea, and more.
• Diagnosis
• Diagnosis is typically made after a physical exam, blood tests to check hormone levels, and
possibly an ultrasound of the ovaries.
• Differential Diagnosis
• It's important to rule out other possible causes of symptoms, such as thyroid disorders or adrenal
problems, before making a PCOS diagnosis.
Health Risks and Complications
Weight Gain
Women with PCOS have a higher risk of obesity and other related conditions, such as type 2 diabetes and heart
disease.
Infertility
PCOS is a leading cause of infertility in women due to hormonal imbalances and disrupted ovulation.
Mental Health
Women with PCOS are at a higher risk of depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions.
Cancer
Some studies suggest that women with PCOS may have a higher risk of developing endometrial cancer.
 TREATMENT OPTIONS

MEDICATIONS LIFESTYLE CHANGES SURGERY

Weight loss, exercise, and a healthy diet In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to
Birth control pills and can all help improve PCOS symptoms and remove ovarian cysts or improve fertility.
other medications can reduce health risks.
help regulate menstrual
cycles and reduce
symptoms like acne
and excess hair growth.
 Lifestyle Changes and Self-Care

Focus on whole foods, high-fiber choices, and lean

Diet
proteins. Avoid added sugars and processed foods.

Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most

Exercise
days of the week.

Practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing and

Stress Reduction
yoga to reduce stress and improve mood.

Make time for yourself and engage in activities that

Self-Care
bring you joy and relaxation.
 PREVALENCE
The prevalence of PCOD/PCOS varies across different age groups. According to the search results, the
prevalence of PCOS is higher in women of reproductive age. A study conducted in South India among
adolescent and young girls showed a PCOS prevalence rate of 6.8%

. Another study reported that the global age-standardized incidence rate of PCOS among women of
reproductive age (15-49 years) was 82.44 per 100,000 population in 2017

. However, the prevalence of PCOS in different age groups may vary depending on the diagnostic criteria used
in different studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis reported that the prevalence of PCOS was 6.1%
under the 1990 NIH, 16.0% under the 2003 Rotterdam, and 12.0% under the Androgen Excess and PCOS
Society criteria

. Therefore, the prevalence of PCOD/PCOS across different age groups may vary depending on the diagnostic
criteria used in different studies.
The prevalence of PCOD/PCOS in India varies depending on
the population studied and the diagnostic criteria used in
different studies.
A study conducted in South India among adolescent and young
girls showed a PCOS prevalence rate of 6.8%

Another study reported a PCOS prevalence rate of 6% in South

India, according to the Rotterdam criteria

The National Health Portal of India reported a PCOS

prevalence rate of 22.5% in Maharashtra

A systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the overall

prevalence of PCOS in India to be close to 10% using
Rotterdam's criteria and AES criteria
DIETARY GUIDELINES
include high fiber foods in your diet
Opt for unprocessed foods
Choose healthy fats, such as olive oil and avocados
Eat lean proteins, such as fatty fish, beans, and legumes
Include dark, leafy greens, such as kale and spinach, in your diet
Eat dark red fruits, such as red grapes, blueberries, blackberries, and cherries
Avoid refined carbohydrates, such as white bread and pasta
Avoid fried foods, such as fast food
Avoid sugary beverages, such as sodas and energy drinks
Avoid processed meats, such as hot dogs and sausages
Avoid solid fats, including margarine, shortening, and lard
Drink plenty of water
Eat smaller portions more frequently
Avoid skipping meals
Regular physical activity can help alleviate symptoms of PCOS
 CONCLUSION

• In conclusion, PCOD and PCOS are complex conditions that affect women's ovaries and are characterized
by hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and genetic predisposition. The exact cause of these conditions
is still not fully understood, and further research is needed to fully elucidate the etiology of these
conditions. PCOD and PCOS are among the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of
reproductive age worldwide. These conditions can lead to significant reproductive and non-reproductive
morbidity, including infertility, menstrual irregularities, hair loss, and abnormal weight gain. However,
early diagnosis and treatment, along with lifestyle modifications, may lower the risk of long-term
complications such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Dietary modifications, regular physical activity,
and medications to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce androgen levels can help alleviate symptoms of
PCOD and PCOS. It is important to consult a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian for
personalized advice on managing these conditions.
 REFERENCES

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6902362/
• https://www.unicef.org/india/stories/do-pcod-and-pcos-mean-same-thing-or-are-they-different
• https://www.healthline.com/health/polycystic-ovary-disease
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308732/
• https://www.unicef.org/india/stories/do-pcod-and-pcos-mean-same-thing-or-are-they-different