Chapter 7, Part B

Sampling and Sampling Distributions

 Sampling Distribution of P

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 Sampling Distribution of P

 Making Inferences about a Population Proportion

Population A simple random sample

with proportion of n elements is selected
p=? from the population.

The value of P is used The sample data

to make inferences provide a value for the
about the value of p. sample proportion P.

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 Sampling Distribution of P

The sampling distribution of P is the probability

distribution of all possible values of the sample
proportion P.

Expected Value of P

E ( P)  
where:
p = the population proportion

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 Sampling Distribution of P

Standard Deviation of P
Finite Population Infinite Population

 (1   ) N  n  (1   )
P  P 
n N 1 n

 P is referred to as the standard error of the

proportion.

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 Form of the Sampling Distribution of P

The sampling distribution of P can be approximated

by a normal distribution whenever the sample size
is large.

The sample size is considered large whenever these

conditions are satisfied:
np > 5 and n(1 – p) > 5

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 Sampling Distribution of P

 Example: St. Andrew’s College

Recall that 72% of the
prospective students applying
to St. Andrew’s College want
on-campus housing.
What is the probability that
a simple random sample of 30 applicants will provide
an estimate of the population proportion of applicant
wanting on-campus housing that is within plus or
minus 0.05 of the actual population proportion?

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 Sampling Distribution of P

For our example, with n = 30 and p = 0.72, the

normal distribution is an acceptable approximation
because:
np = 30(0.72) = 21.6 > 5
and
n(1 - p) = 30(0.28) = 8.4 > 5

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 Sampling Distribution of P

Sampling 0.72(1  0.72)

P   0.082
Distribution 30
of P

p
E( P )  0.72

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 Sampling Distribution of P

Step 1: Calculate the z-value at the upper endpoint of

the interval.
z = (0.77 - 0.72)/0.082 = 0.61

Step 2: Find the area under the curve to the left of the
upper endpoint.
P(Z < 0.61) = 0.7291

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 Sampling Distribution of P

Cumulative Probabilities for

the Standard Normal Distribution
z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
. . . . . . . . . . .
.5 .6915 .6950 .6985 .7019 .7054 .7088 .7123 .7157 .7190 .7224
.6 .7257 .7291 .7324 .7357 .7389 .7422 .7454 .7486 .7517 .7549
.7 .7580 .7611 .7642 .7673 .7704 .7734 .7764 .7794 .7823 .7852
.8 .7881 .7910 .7939 .7967 .7995 .8023 .8051 .8078 .8106 .8133
.9 .8159 .8186 .8212 .8238 .8264 .8289 .8315 .8340 .8365 .8389
. . . . . . . . . . .

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 Sampling Distribution of P

Sampling  P  0.082
Distribution
of P

Area = 0.7291

p
0.72 0.77

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 Sampling Distribution of P

Step 3: Calculate the z-value at the lower endpoint of

the interval.
z = (0.67 - 0.72)/0.082 = - 0.61

Step 4: Find the area under the curve to the left of the
lower endpoint.
P(Z < -0.61) = 0.2709

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 Sampling Distribution of P

Sampling  P  0.082
Distribution
of P

Area = 0.2709

p
0.67 0.72

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 Sampling Distribution of P

Step 5: Calculate the area under the curve between

the lower and upper endpoints of the interval.

P(-0.61 < z < 0.61) = P(Z < 0.61) - P(Z < -0.61)
= 0.7291 - 0.2709
= 0.4582
The probability that the sample proportion of applicants
wanting on-campus housing will be within +/-0.05 of the
actual population proportion :

P(0.67 < P < 0.77) = 0.4582

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 Sampling Distribution of P

Sampling  P  0.082
Distribution
of P

Area = 0.4582

p
0.67 0.72 0.77

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