SKELETA

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 WHAT IS SKELETAL SYSTEM?
• Bone tissue makes up about 18% of the total human
body weight.
• The skeletal system supports and protect the body
while giving shape and form

• Osteology : It is the branch of science that deals with

the study of the skeletal system, their structure and
function.
• Skeletal Syatem composed of Bones, Cartilage,
Joints,Ligaments
5 FUNCTION OF
SKELETAL
SYSTEM
 5 FUNCTION OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

1.Movement:
Skeletal system
provides points
of attachment for
muscles.
 5 FUNCTION OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

2.Support:
The backbone is the
main support center
for the upper body .
 5 FUNCTION OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

3. Protection
The bones of your
skull protect your
brain .
Your ribs protect
your lungs and
heart from injury.
 5 FUNCTION OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

4.Makes blood
Redand white
blood cells
are formed by
tissue called
marrow
 5 FUNCTION OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

5.Storage
Bones store
minerals,such as
calcium and
phosphorus ,for by the
body
CLASSIFICATION OF BONE BASED ON SHAPE
 CLASSIFICATION OF BONE BASED ON SHAPE

• Bone can be
classified into five
types based on
shape :

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
 CLASSIFICATION OF BONE BASED ON SHAPE

• Long Bones
Greater length than width and are slightly
curved for strength
Fetur , tibia, fibula , humerus, ulna,
radius,phalanes

• Short Bones
Cube- shaped and are nearly equal in length
and width.
Carpal, tarsal
 CLASSIFICATION OF BONE BASED ON SHAPE

• Flat Bones
Thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates
compact bone tissue enclosing a layer of spongy
bone tissue
Cranial,sternum,ribs scapulae
• Irregular Bones
Complex shapes and connot be grouped into
any of the previous category
Vertebrae , rib bones, some facial bones ,
calcaneus
 CLASSIFICATION OF BONE BASED ON SHAPE

• Sesamoid Bones
protect tendons from excessive weart and tear
Patellae, foot,hand
DIVISION OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
 DIVISION OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

• The human skeleton consist of 206 named bones.

• Bones of the skeleton are group into two
principal divisions :
 Appendicular skeleton
 Axial Skeleton
 DIVISION OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

 Axial Skeleton  Appendeicular skeleton

 AXIAL SKELETON

• Skull bones
• Auditory ossicles
(ear bones)
• Hyoid bone
• Rib
• Bones of the vertebral
column
 AXIAL SKELETON: SKULL

The skull is situated on the upper end of vertebral column and

its bony structure is divided into two parts.

1. The cranium
2.The face
 AXIAL SKELETON : SKULL

1. The cranium Bones

• Cranium = Body skull
 Evelops brain

• Composed of eight Bones

 Immovable bones

• Boarders Meet to Form

Immovable joints
 Immovable joints= sutures
 AXIAL SKELETON: SKULL

2. The facial Bones

• Two bones provide distinctive
shape to face
 Maxillae(upper jaw
bones )
 Mandible( lower jaw)

• All facial bones connected by

immovable joints (satures)
 One exception (mandible)
 AXIAL SKELETON

• Form long axis of the body

 Reffed to as spinal column or
backbone
 24 vertebrae + sacrum +
cocccyx
 Offer protection to spinal
cord
 AXIAL SKELETON: VERTEBRAL BONES

• Cervical Vertebrae
 Vertebrae of the neck
• Thoracic Vertebrae
 Vertebrae of the chest

• Lumber Vertebrae
 Vertebrae of lower back
 AXIAL SKELETON: VERTEBRAL BONES

• Sacrum
 Singular, trianglular shaped
bone
 Resulted from fusion of five
sacral bones of the child
• Coccyx
 Also called “tailbone”
 Resulted from fusion of four
individual coccgeal bones in
the child
 AXIAL SKELETON : THRORACIC BONES

• True Ribs ( Ribs 1-7) • False Rib ( Ribs 8-10)

 Attach to sternum in  Attach to vertebrae in back
front and vertebrae in but attach to cartilage of
the back. 7th rib in front.( not in the
sternum)

• Floating Ribs
 Attach to vertebrae in
back.
 Completely free of
 AXIAL SKELETON : THORACIC BONES

• True Ribs
(Ribs 1-7)

• False Ribs
( Ribs 8-10)

• Floating Ribs
(Ribs 11_12)
 AXIAL SKELETON : STERNUM

Partially T-shaped vertical bone

that forms the anterior portion of
the chest wall centrall’y. he
sternum is divided anatomically
into three segments: manubrium,
body, and xiphoid process. The
sternum connects the ribs via the
costal cartilages forming the
anterior rib cage
 APPENDICULAR
SKELETON
• Bones in the upper
limbs.
• Bones in the lower
limbs.
• Bones forming the
girdles that connect the
limbs to tha axial
skeleton.
 APPENDICULAR SKELETON: UPPER
LIMBS
• Bones of shoulder girdle:
 Include : Clavic & scapula
• Bone of Arm :
 Humerus
• Bones of forearm:
 Radius( lateral )& ulna
(medial)
• Bones of the hands :
 Carpal bones (8)
• Metacarpal bones (5)
 Phalanges (14)
 APPENDICULAR SKELETON: LOWER
LIMBS
• Femur
 Thigh bone
• Patella
 Knee bone or kneecap
• Tibia
 Larger and stronger of the
two lower leg bones
• Fibula
 More slender of the two
lower leg bones
 APPENDICULAR SKELETON: LOWER
LIMBS
Bones of the angkle and the foot
• Ankle bones ( Tarsals )
 Calcaneus
 Talus Bone

• Foot Bones
 Metatarsals
 Phalanges
 APPENDICULAR SKELETON: PELVIC
BONES
• Compose of three pair of fused bones
 Ilium
 Ischuim
 Pubic bone

• Protects several organs

Reproductive organs
Urinary Bladder
Part of the large intestine

• The total weight of thr upper body

rests on the pelvis
FRACTURE OF BONES
 FRACTURE OF BONES
What are Fractures?
• A fracture is a medical term for a broken bone.

• Fractures are common ; the average person has two during a

lifetime. They occur when the physical force exerted on the bone is
strongeer than the bone itself.
• Your risk fracture depends , in part , on your age.Broken bones are very
common in childhood, although children’s fractures are generally less
complicated than fractures in adults . As you age , your bones becomes
more brittle and your are more likel;y to suffer fractures from falls that
would not occur when you were young
 FRACTURE OF BONES
Closed Fracture Open Fracture

• Break in the • Break in the

bone ,as well bone but no
as an open open wound
wound in skin in skin

• Compound • Simple
fracture fracture
 FRACTURE OF BONES
Complete Fracture Incomplete Fracture

• Break extends • Break in the

through the bone but no
entire open wound
thickness of in skin
bone
• Greenstick
fracture
 FRACTURE OF BONES
Compression Fracture Impacted Fracture
• Direct force applied
• Caused by to both ends of the
bones surfaces bones causes bone
being forced to break
against each • Forces broken end
other of smaller bone into
broken end of larger
bone
 FRACTURE OF BONES
Colle’s Fracture

• Break occurs at lower

end of the radius

• Within one inch of

connecting with wrist
bones
 FRACTURE OF BONES

Stress Fracture

• Minor fracture in
which the bone
continues to be in
perfect alignment
THANK YOU!!!
THANK YOU!!!