MUSLIM POWER IN SOUTH

EAST ASIA
BY
AYAAN,HADI,UMER,HAMZA,MASHH
UD, ABDULLAH SHEHZAD AND
MUSA
 INTRODUCTION
 The first serious invasion of SOUTH ASIA by
muslim army took place in 712 . A thousand years
later In 1700 a muslim emperor the mughal king
aurangzeb controlled almost all the subcontinent .
However majority of people were hindus and in
vast reign many hindu civilizations flourished . The
muslim adavance met strong resistence.
A POTRAIT OF KING AURANGZAB
 Culture differences
 THE muslim and hindu life ways were quite
different . THESE differences cause wars and
destruction . Time went on there were years of
peace and toleration they didn’t have any war
between them. As in the reign of mughal
emperors AKBAR AND JAHANGIR.
 MOHAMMAD BIN QASIM
 THE first muslim to settle south asia were
merchants trading along cultures .What brought
arab invasion were pirates who were bold enough
to plunder ships carrying pilgrims and gifts.
Muslim orphan and abbasyid slaves from he ruler
of Sirilanka to HAJJAH BIN YUSUF the powerful
governor of IRAQ. hajjaj asked to punish the pirates
who used sindh coast as their base hajjaj sent his 17
year old nephew mohammad bin qasim. and son in
law to avenge his insult . Mohammad bin qasim
already showed his capiblity by governing fars in
persia.
A PORTRAIT OF BIN QASIM
ANOTHER PICTURE OF BIN QASIM
 ATTACK BY M. BIN QASIM
 THE YOUNG BIN QASIM QUICKLY
SHOWED HIS POWER AND ATTACKED
THE PORT OF DEBAL.THIS SO
ANGERED THE SOLIDERS THAT THEY
LEFT THE CITY WITHOUT ANY
SECURITY AND WENT TO FIGHT WITH
M.BIN QASIM. BUT M. BIN QASIM
QUICKLY DEFEATED THEM AND TOOK
THE CONTROL OF THE CITY.
 BATTLE OF RAWAR,712
 THE BATTLE OF RAWAR WAS FOUGHT
BETWEEN MUHAMMAD BIN QASIM
AND DAHIR,THE RULER OF SINDH
WHICH IS NOW PAKISTAN.DAHIR WAS
THE LAST HINDU RULER EMPEROR OF
SINDH,S BRAHMIN DYNASTY,WHICH
WAS THEN RULED BY INDIA. M.BIN
QSAIM WAS THE GENERAL OF THE
ARAB KINGDOMS OF UMAYYAD
CALIPHATE.
 END OF DAHIR
 DAHIR ON AN ALBINO (ELEPHANT) LED
HIS MEN COURAGEOUSLY. TURNING OF
THE BATTLE WAS WHEN DAHIRS ALBINO
WAS STRUCKED BY A BURNING ARROW
PANICKED AND RUSHED INTO THE
RIVER . AT THAT TIME DAHIR DECIEDED
TO DO THE FIGHT ON THE FOOT, BUT WAS
SOON KILLED BY THE ARMY OF M. BIN
QASIM AND AT THAT TIME HINDUS FLED.
 SINDH AFTER DAHIRS
DEATH
 THIS WAS THE END OF SERIOUS
RESISTANCE. M.BIN QASIM SOON
CAPTURED THE CAPITAL OF DAHIRS
EMPIRE ,WHICH WAS
BRAHMANABADAND BY 712 HE
CONTROLLED ALL THE SINDH. HE HAD
PROMISED THAT IF PEOPLE WILL
SURRENDER TO HIM HE WILL SAY THEM
NOTHING AND ALLOW THEM TO
WORSHIP AS THEY PLEASED
 DEATH OF BIN QASIM
 HOWEVER M.BIN QASIM WAS A FAIR
LEADER AND A RULEROF SINDH AND
MANY PEOPLE DUE TO HIM BECAME
MUSLIMS ON THEIR OWN CHOICES.
 BUT SADLY M.BIN QASIM BECAME A
VICTIM OF INTRIGUE. WHEN HJJAJ DIED,
AN ENEMY OF M.BIN QASIM BECAME THE
NEW GOVERNOR OF IRAQ . HE ORDERED
HIM BACK AND PUT HIM TO DEATH.
SINDH AFTER BIN QASIMS
DEATH
 FROM THE DEPARTURE OF M.BIN QASIM
TO THE FALL OF UMAYYAD CALOIPHATE
IN 75OA.D.,SINDH HAD NINE
GOVERNORS. UMMAYYAD WERE
REPLACED BY ABBASIDSIN 750 A.D., SINDH
BECAME PART OF ABBASIDS
DOMINIONS.THRE WAS NOW A MUSLIM
FOOT HOLD IN SOUTH ASIA.SINDH WAS
FAMOUSLY RICH ,SENDING MUCHGOLD
TO THE RULERS IN IRAQ.
THE PORT OF DEBAL THE RIVER OF BHAMBORE
A MOSQUE IN THE REGION OF MANSURA
THE OLDEST MOSQUE
 ROUTE OF BIN QASIMS
INVASION AND CONQUESTS
 OTHER KINGDOMS OF
SOUTH ASIA
 EHEN MUSLIM WRITERS OF THE NINTH
AND THE TENTH CENTURY LOOK
TOWARDSWHAT IS NOW MODERN INDIA ,
THEY SAW MANY HINDU KINGDOMS
WHICH SEEMED BOTH RICH AND
STRONG, THREE IN PARTICULAR FOUGHT
FOR THE CONTROL OF THE GANGA
VALLEY AND THE CITY IF KANAUJ WHICH
STOOD ON THE BANKS OF THE GANGA
RIVER.
 THE TURKISH GHAZNAVIDS
 THE FOUNDER OF THE TURKISH GHAZNAVIDS WAS
SEBUKTIGIN (ruled 977-997 ) , A FORMER TURKISH SLAVE
WHO WAS RECOGNIZEARD BY THE SAMANIDS ( AN
IRANIAN MUSLIM DYNASTY) AS GOVERNOR OF GHAZNA
(MODERN GHAZNI AFGHANISTAN).THE GHAZNAVIDS
WENT THROUGH THE PUNJAB AND WON A MAJOR
VICTORY NEAR LAGHMAN ,ADVANCED THRIUGH THE
KHYBER PASS AND TOOK CONTROL OF THE AREA NEAR
PESHAWAR.

SEBUKTIGIN
 MAHMUD OF GHAZNI
 SABUKTIGIN DIED IN 997 AND HIS SON MAHMUD
SUCCEEDED HIM.HE RULED FROM 998 TO1130.HE
WON MANY VICTORIES LIKE HIS FATHER.HE ALSO
HELPED IN SPREADING ISLAM.FOR HINDUS
HOWEVER HE WAS A CRUEL WARRIORWHOS RAIDS
KILLS INNOCENT PEOPLE AS WELL AS DESTROYED
SACRED TEMPLES.HE WAS A BOLD AND A MAN WITH
FULL OF ENERGY. HIS ARMY AND HE TOO TERRIFIED
HIS ENIMIES.
AKEY MOMENT: the final
defeat of the shahis,1001
In 1001 Mahmud defeated once
again the unfortunate Shahi king
Jayapala , whom he had captured
and freed on the payment of a huge
ransom and the gift of fifty
elephants.

This defeat so depressed Jayapala

that he handed over his crown to his
son, had his funeral pyre set alight
and, according to hindu custom,
Picture of
ended his life by throwing himself JAYAPALA
up it.
 THE SHAHIS,A HINDU DYNASTY HAD
RULED OVER MUCH OF THE PUNJAB
DURING THE 10TH CENTURY. WHEN
MAHMUD FINALLY DEFEATED THEM AL-
BIRUNI NOTED THAT THEY WERE BRAVE
RULERS WHO DID THEIR BEST FOR THEIR
PEOPLE.
IN 1008 MAHMUD CONQUERED THE
PUNJAB AND IN 1018 RAIDING PAST DELHI,
HE CAPTURED MATHURA WHERE HE
STRIPPED THE ENORMOUS TEMPLE O ITS
GOLD, SILVER AND THE GROUND. THE
HINDU TEMPLES WERE HI TARGET PARTLY
BECAUSE THEY WERE SO RICH AND
PARTLY BECAUSE ,AS A STRICT MUSLIM,
HE WAS AGAINST IDOL* WORSHIP.
HE WON THE TITLE OF MAHMUD THE
IDOL-BREAKER.
HE THEN ATTACKED KANAUJ AND
RETURNED TO GHAZNI WITH 350 PICTURE OF SOMNATH TEMPLE
ELEPHANTS AND THOUSANDS OF SLAVES
AS WELL AS TONNES OF GOLD AND
SILVER.
 THE DEATH OF MAHMUD AND THE
DECLINE OF THE GHAZNAVIDS

MAHMUD DIED ON YET AND

OTHER RAID,C.1030. THINGS
FELL APARTON HIS
DEATH.RELATIVES FOUGHT
AMONGST THEMSELVES FOR
THRONE.THE SELJUK TURKS
SEIZED MUCH OF THE WESTERN
PART OF THE EMPIRE. AND
LAHORE, RATHER THEN
GHAZNI BECAME THE MAIN
GHAZNAVID CITY.BY THE
MIDDLE OF THE 12TH CENTURY TOMB OF MAHMUD GHAZNI
THE GHAZNAVID SULTANS
RULED A SMALL STATE OF NO
GREAT IMPORTANCE IN THE
NORTHERN PART OF INDUS
 Elsewhere in south Asia: the Cholas of
Tanjore
 We know the less about Cholas of the south than
we do about the muslim rulers of the
north.There were no Chola historians like
al- Baladhuri .
 Temple inscription, i.e. , writing carved on the
temple walls, are our main evidence and what
they tell us for sure is sometimes hard to decide.
 During the eleventh century ,the most powerful
state in South Asia was the Chola Empire in the
south east of the subcontinent.
 It had two particularly gifted rulers:
 SEA-BORNE TRADE AND SOUTH- EAST
ASIA
 The Cholas where traders as well as wanted to control
of the rich trade routes of the bay of Bengal linking
china and south east Asia with the rest of Asia and the
Mediterranean. Rajaraja had a good navy army as an
army and used it to conquer not only the Malabar
Coast but also the northern half of Sri Lanka. During
the reign of Ragendra, the Chola navy seized the
Maldives Islands, and then turned east, towards
Srivijaya , which was hindering the Cholas merchant
ships from their fair share of trade between South Asia
and china
Map of the Chola Empire showing their trade routes.
 Chola Art and Architecture
 Perhaps the best evidence of Chola king’s are the building
and the work of art produced by them.
 The temple of Brihadisvara built on the order of Rajaraja at
Tanjore. It is one of the largest and the most beautiful
temple in South Asia. It is among one of the Chola temples.
 Chola Art and Architecture

 Painters and craftsmen of all kinds produced work of the

highest quality.
 Bronze sculpture and copper with silver inlay (ornaments)
reached high standard.
 The Later Cholas

 After they lost Sir Lanka, the Chola Empire lasted

another 200 years as a major power in South Asia.
They send more then seventy officials to China in
the 1070s and others to the kingdoms South-east
Asia. Eventually around 1250, the Chola Empire
fell to the neighboring Pandyas.
REFRENCES:

FROM BOOK OF HISTORY AND

FROM INTERNET
QUESTIONS SESSION