ANAESTHETIC

MACHINE

:PREPARE BY
AHMED OMEER
MOHMMED AL-MASAYADI
MOHMMED AL-AIDAROS
AHMED Bin DAHMAN

:SUPERVISOR
DR.NASR AL-AWDI
 THE INTRODUCTION

Anesthetic machine is a biomedical device used in •

healthcare to administer anesthesia to patients before,
during and after surgical procedures. The device
provides precise control over the administration of
anesthetic gases and other medications to achieve deep
.sleep, relieve pain, and feel relaxation during surgery
THE ANESTHESIA TROLLEY IS DESIGNED SO
THAT DOCTORS AND NURSES CAN EASILY
REACH THE PATIENT AND PERFORM
NECESSARY PROCEDURES DURING THE
SURGICAL PROCEDURE. THE ANESTHESIA
TROLLEY CONTAINS SHELVES AND DRAWERS
USED TO STORE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
NEEDED FOR ANESTHESIA, PROVIDING EASY
ACCESS AND SAVING TIME DURING THE
.PROCEDURE
ANESTHESIA EQUIPMENT HAS EVOLVED OVER THE
YEARS TO MEET THE NEEDS OF SURGICAL
PROCEDURES AND IMPROVE PATIENT SAFETY. IN
THE 19TH CENTURY, ETHER AND CHLOROFORM
WERE USED AS ANESTHETICS. IN 1846, PHYSICIAN
WILLIAM THOMAS GREEN MORTON INTRODUCED
ETHER AS AN ANESTHETIC AGENT IN MEDICAL
PRACTICE. IN 1901, PHYSICIAN ARTHUR EMILSON
GUEDEL INTRODUCED AN ANESTHESIA TUBE
CALLED A "GUEDEL TUBE" TO SECURE THE AIRWAY.
THE USE OF COMBINED ANESTHESIA BEGAN IN THE
1960S AND 1970S, HOWEVER, THERE IS ALWAYS
DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION IN THIS FIELD TO
IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE AND
.PATIENT SAFETY DURING SURGICAL PROCEDURES
 MAIN PARTS OF THE MACHINE

.Vaporizers -1

.Artificial respiration (Ventilator) -2

.Moisture absorption and CO2 Absorber -3

 VAPORIZER
It is the one that converts narcotic substances from liquid to gas, as it applies heat and pressure to the •
narcotic substances and then goes to the warehouse containing (O2, Fresh Air) and mixes them .There are
two vaporizers. When one is used, the other turns off automatically. These vaporizers contain levers and
showers in their installation. The device is equipped with (O2-Fresh Air-N2O) from the central air unit of
the hospital, and the air unit contains an oxygen sensor called the O2 Sensor that cuts off narcotic
substances when there is no oxygen, and there is a second source for me (O2-N2O and this source is four
cylinders Located behind the evaporators, two for N2O and two for O2, these cylinders are used when the
device is not connected to the central unit.On the front side of the device there are seven gauges (Gage),
two to measure N2O, two to measure O2, and one to measure Fresh Air. To determine the pressure coming
from the source, the Pressure Reduce Valve is used .The device contains something called a Flow Meter,
which measures the volume of gases given to the patientHow to check the air unit :We examine the air unit
before operating the device in order to ensure its safety. The examination is done through three tubes (O2-
Fresh Air-N2O) where we connect them to the Compressor air, so they push the air and when pressing a
compressor it is called O2 Flush. If the alarm sounds, this means there is a blockage in the air. One of the
.pipes, but if we hear strong air rushing, the device is healthy
 ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
(VENTILATOR)

It is responsible for providing the patient with the required

amount of air, consisting of a group of air tubes that allow air
to enter and exit, forming what is called a respiratory circuit,
and a group of valves and filters, which purify oxygen and
gases from impurities
 MOISTURE ABSORPTION
AND CO2 ABSORBER

This part contains a container containing a

material that absorbs moisture, called Soda line,
as this material acts as a filter
 CONTROL BOARD
.SMV: We control the patient by volume
.PCV: We control the patient by pressure
.SIMV: When the patient wakes up but cannot breathe well
Pressure Limit: Used in the case of PCV to determine the
.pressure
.Tidal Volume: The volume of air going to the patient with each breath
Frequency: The number of breaths per minute
.We get the air volume per minute )Tidal Volume* Frequency(
I.E RATIO: IT IS THE RATIO OF INHALATION TO EXHALATION.
PEEP: THROUGH IT, THE PRESSURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE LUNG AND ITS EXTERNAL SURROUNDINGS IS
CONTROLLED, SO THAT WE DO NOT GET A PRESSURE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE LUNG AND ITS EXTERNAL
SURROUNDINGS THAT EQUALS ZERO, THAT IS, AVOIDING
.ADHESION OF THE TWO WALLS OF ONE LUNG
 DEVICE ALARMS

Setting Error: When there is an error in setting the frequency or -1

.volume, this alarm sounds
High Pressure: This alarm works when the pressure exceeds the set -2
.pressure
Low Pressure: This alarm works if the pressure drops below the set -3
.pressure
THERE IS A PIECE OF RUBBER THAT CONTAINS A BASE THAT
IS VERY SUSCEPTIBLE TO DAMAGE. THIS PIECE OF RUBBER
IS COVERED WITH A GRADUATED GLASS COVER. THIS
ENTIRE PART IS CALLED THE BELLOW. IN THE EVENT OF A
SLOWDOWN IN THE RISE OF THE BELLOW, IT IS CAUSED BY A
LACK OF OXYGEN. TO GET RID OF THIS SITUATION, WE
PRESS THE O2 FLUSH BUTTON, AND THE O2 INCREASES, AND
IF IT CONTINUES TO DECREASE, THIS MEANS THERE IS A
LEAK.
.THERE IS A SWITCH CALLED PENLON THAT IS USED TO
SWITCH THE OPERATION OF THE DEVICE FROM AUTOMATIC
TO MANUAL IN THE EVENT OF A SUDDEN POWER OUTAGE OR
ANY MALFUNCTION IN THE DEVICE. IF THIS SWITCH IS USED,
WE ALSO USE ANOTHER SWITCH CALLED APL.WHICH
CONTROLS THE PRESSURE, AND HAS A SPECIAL GAGE GAUGE
.TO ADJUST THE PRESSURE
 THE PATIENT
DEPARTMENT CONSISTS

.Spare breathing bag -1

.Breathing hose -2
.Exhalation valve-3
.Face mask-4
POP VALVE: IT PREVENTS THE PASSAGE OF GASES EXCEPT IN ONE DIRECTION
(FROM THE BACK COLUMN TO THE PATIENT’S CIRCLE). THERE ARE TWO OF THIS
VALVE, ONE FOR INHALATION AND ANOTHER FOR EXHALATION, BUT THE
MOVEMENT OF EACH OF THESE VALVES IS DIFFERENT, AND IN THIS WAY IT
.PREVENTS MIXING OF INHALED AIR WITH EXHALED AIR
 COMMON GAS VALVE: THE ANESTHETIC MIXTURE COMES OUT THROUGH THIS
VALVE AND GOES TO THE PATIENT. AS FOR THE EXHALED AIR THAT COMES FROM
THE PATIENT, IT COMES OUT THROUGH ANOTHER VALVE CALLED THE EXHAUST.
IT IS BETTER FOR THIS VALVE TO BE SET UP OUTSIDE THE OPERATING ROOM
.BECAUSE THE EXHALED AIR ALSO CONTAINS ANESTHETIC SUBSTANCES
 THERE ARE MANY PROBLEMS THAT THE ANESTHESIA TROLLEY DEVICE CAN FACE. HERE ARE
SOME COMMON MALFUNCTIONS AND HOW TO FIX THEM:
1. CART NOT MOVING: IF THE CART IS NOT MOVING, THE CAUSE MAY BE A PROBLEM WITH THE BRAKE SYSTEM.
CONNECTIONS AND RUBBER SPARE PARTS FOR BRAKES SHOULD BE CHECKED AND, IF NECESSARY, REPLACED. IF THE
BRAKES ARE STILL UNABLE TO FUNCTION PROPERLY, THERE MAY BE A MALFUNCTION IN THE COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM
.AND A QUALIFIED TECHNICIAN SHOULD BE CHECKED FOR REPAIRS
PROBLEMS WITH THE CONTROL SYSTEM: IF THE CONTROL .2
DISCS OR THE CENTRAL CONTROL UNIT DO NOT WORK, THE
CONNECTING CABLES SHOULD BE CHECKED AND MAKE SURE
THE INTEGRITY OF THEIR CONNECTIONS. CABLES MAY HAVE
TO BE RECONNECTED OR REPLACED IF NECESSARY. YOU
SHOULD ALSO CHECK THE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING AND
REPLACE ANY DAMAGED PARTS OR COMPONENTS.

3. ENGINE FAILURE: IF THE ENGINE DOES NOT MOVE THE

TROLLEY, THE ENGINE AND ITS MECHANICAL OPERATION
SYSTEM SHOULD BE CHECKED. IT MAY REQUIRE INSPECTION
AND CLEANING OF PARTS, REPLACEMENT OF ANY DAMAGED
.PARTS SUCH AS BATTERY, BELTS OR EDITABLE KEYS
 FLUID LEAKAGE: IF THE TROLLEY SUFFERS FROM FLUID .4
LEAKAGE SUCH AS BLOOD VESSELS OR MEDICINES, IT
SHOULD BE CHECKED THAT ALL CONNECTIONS AND PIPES
ARE INTACT AND THAT THERE IS NO DAMAGE OR LEAKAGE.
IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO REPLACE DEFECTIVE PARTS AND
RETEST THE SYSTEM TO MAKE SURE THE PROBLEM IS
RESOLVED.
5. MALFUNCTION OF THE DIFFUSERS IN THE EVAPORATORS,
WHERE THE ANESTHETIC SUBSTANCES INTERACT WITH THE
DIFFUSER AND LEAD TO ITS CORROSION:TO REPAIR THE
CORRODED NOZZLES IN THE EVAPORATORS, THEY MUST BE
REPLACED WITH NEW, DURABLE ONES. IT MAY BE REQUIRED
TO COMPLETELY INSPECT AND CLEAN THE EVAPORATORS
BEFORE INSTALLING NEW DIFFUSERS. IT IS PREFERABLE TO
.CALL A QUALIFIED TECHNICIAN TO CARRY OUT THIS REPAIR
A DENT IN BELLOW :IN THE EVENT THAT THERE IS A DENT .6
IN THE BELLOW, IT SHOULD BE REPLACED WITH A NEW
BELLOW. IT MUST BE ENSURED THAT THE BILO IS
INSTALLED CORRECTLY AND HERMETICALLY SEALED TO
ENSURE THAT THE DEVICE WORKS PROPERLY. IT MAY BE
NECESSARY TO CALL A QUALIFIED TECHNICIAN TO PERFORM
THIS REPAIR.

7. THE POP VALVE EATS THE VALVE AND DOES NOT ADJUST
ITS PLACE, WHICH LEADS TO A GAS LEAK:IF THE POP VALVE
IS CORRODED AND CAUSES A GAS LEAK, IT MUST BE
REPLACED WITH A NEW VALVE. A CHECK OF THE ENTIRE
SYSTEM MAY BE REQUIRED TO MAKE SURE THAT THERE
ARE NO OTHER LEAKS AND FIX THEM IF THEY ARE FOUND.
IT IS ADVISABLE TO COOPERATE WITH A QUALIFIED
.TECHNICIAN TO CARRY OUT THIS REPAIR
 MALFUNCTION OF THE ELECTRONIC CARD:IN THE EVENT.8
OF A MALFUNCTION OF THE ELECTRONIC CARD, IT MUST BE
REPLACED OR REPAIRED BY A TECHNICIAN SPECIALIZING IN
MEDICAL ELECTRONICS. IT MAY REQUIRE CHECKING THE
ENTIRE E-CARD AND FINDING OUT THE EXACT PROBLEM
BEFORE REPAIRING OR REPLACING IT.

9. SODA LINE MATERIAL RUN OUT:IF THERE IS A RUN-OUT OF

SODA LINE MATERIAL, THE MATERIAL MUST BE REPLACED.
IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO INSPECT THE PIPES AND
CONNECTIONS COMPLETELY TO ENSURE THEIR INTEGRITY
AND AVOID LEAKAGE OF HARMFUL SUBSTANCES. IT IS
EXTREMELY IMPORTANT TO CARRY OUT REGULAR
MAINTENANCE OF PIPES AND REPLACE ANY DAMAGED PART
.IN ORDER TO AVOID THIS MALFUNCTION
 EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE AND MAINTENANCE OF THE ANESTHESIA TROLLEY
DEVICE DEPENDS ON SEVERAL FACTORS. HERE ARE SOME ASPECTS TO CONSIDER:

1. DEVICE PERFORMANCE: THE ANESTHESIA TROLLEY SHOULD BE AVAILABLE WITH HIGH BEARING
CAPACITY AND PERFORMANCE. THIS INCLUDES ITS ABILITY TO WITHSTAND WEIGHT AND MOVE
.SMOOTHLY AND ACCURATELY
SAFETY AND SECURITY: THE TROLLEY SHOULD HAVE A RELIABLE BRAKE SYSTEM AND ADJUSTABLE SAFETY STRAPS .2
TO ENSURE PATIENT SAFETY DURING TRANSPORTATION. IT SHOULD ALSO INCLUDE ADDITIONAL SAFETY FEATURES
SUCH AS HOLDERS FOR DEVICES, TOOLS AND HOLDERS FOR LIQUIDS SO THAT THEY ARE SAFE AND INSTALLED .

3. PRECISION AND CONTROL: THE TROLLEY SHOULD ALLOW THE HEIGHT TO BE CHANGED ACCURATELY AND EASILY,
IN ADDITION TO PROVIDING APPROPRIATE CONTROL AND ADJUSTMENT TOOLS SUCH AS CONTROL DISCS OR THE
.CENTRAL CONTROL UNIT
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF THE M ACHINE: T HERE SHOULD BE AVAILABILITY OF NECESSARY SPARE PART S AND COMPET ENT T ECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR T HE MAINT ENANCE OF T HE MACHINE. T HIS CAN BE ACHIEVED BY FOLLOWING A REGULAR MAINT ENANCE SCHEDULE AND ENSURING T HE RAPID AVAILABILIT Y OF SPARE PART S AND T HE NECESSARY T ECHNICAL SERVICE . .4

.5. TRAINING AND EDUCATIONAL COURSES: PROVIDING REGULAR T RAINING COURSES FOR OPERAT ORS AND T ECHNICIANS ON T HE USE AND MAINT ENANCE OF T HE T ROLLEY IS NECESSARY . T HESE EDUCAT IONAL COURSES SHOULD BE OFFERED T O USERS ON A REGULAR BASIS AND UPDAT ED T O KEEP UP WIT H NEW T ECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT S
 SEAL FOR THE ANESTHESIA DEVICE:

THANKS TO CONSTANT TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS AND ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN

THE FIELD OF MEDICINE, THE ANESTHESIA TROLLEY DEVICE HAS BEEN DEVELOPED TO BECOME
MORE EFFECTIVE AND INCREDIBLY SAFE. THROUGH A SET OF SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENTS, AN
.IMPROVED ANESTHESIA EXPERIENCE HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO PATIENTS AND DOCTORS
 THE LATEST GENERATION OF THE ANESTHESIA
TROLLEY DEVICE PROVIDES ADVANCED DRUG
CONTROL BY BUILT-IN INTELLIGENT CONTROL
SYSTEMS. DOCTORS CAN VERY ACCURATELY
ADJUST THE DOSES OF DRUGS ACCORDING TO THE
INDIVIDUAL NEEDS OF THE PATIENT, WHICH
REDUCES THE RISKS OF ANESTHESIA AND
IMPROVES THE RESULTS OF SURGERY.

MOREOVER, SIMPLE AND USER-FRIENDLY

INTERFACES ARE INCLUDED, WHICH MAKE IT
EASIER FOR DOCTORS TO FULLY CONTROL THE
DEVICE AND MONITOR THE PATIENT'S CONDITION
DURING SURGERY. THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES USED
IN THE ANESTHESIA CART ALSO ENHANCE THE
.OVERALL COMFORT AND SAFETY OF PATIENTS
 THE MODERN ANESTHESIA TROLLEY DEVICE ALSO
FEATURES AN ADVANCED SYSTEM FOR RECORDING AND
MONITORING THE VITAL DATA OF PATIENTS DURING
SURGICAL OPERATIONS. THIS SYSTEM PROVIDES MORE
ACCURATE INFORMATION ABOUT THE PATIENT'S CONDITION
AND VITAL VARIABLES, WHICH HELPS DOCTORS MAKE
SOUND MEDICAL DECISIONS AND PROVIDE OUTSTANDING
CARE.
THANKS TO THESE SCIENTIFIC IMPROVEMENTS AND
INNOVATIONS, WE CAN SAY THAT THE ANESTHESIA TROLLEY
DEVICE HAS BECOME AN INDISPENSABLE NECESSITY IN
MODERN SURGICAL OPERATIONS. THIS TREMENDOUS
DEVELOPMENT IS AN IMPORTANT STEP TOWARDS
IMPROVING PATIENT CARE AND PROVIDING EXCELLENT AND
.SAFE HEALTH SERVICES
THANK YOU ALL