Medical equipment 02

LECTURE 3:
Infusion Pump
 Infusion Pump
Agenda:
• What is an infusion pump?
• Importance of infusion
• Principles of operation
• Types of infusion pump
• Diagrams, components
• Preventive maintenance
• Common failure modes
• Infusion pump test
 Infusion Pump
Introduction:
It is estimated that 80%
of hospitalized patients
receive intravenous (IV)
therapy and infusion
devices are used
extensively in clinical
settings and patients
homes as an essential
tool for providing
critical care and pain
management.
 Infusion Pump
why?
Why are they used?
• To provide accurate and controllable flow over a
prescribed period or on demand
What are they used for?
• Wide rang of drugs and therapies including
1. chemotherapy
2. pain management
3. total parental nutrition
4. anesthesia/sedation etc.
 Infusion Pump
Principles of
operation:
How do infusion
pump work?
Infusion pumps
use either
electronic or
mechanical
controls to
deliver the
desired flow
rate.
 Infusion Pump
• Principles of operation:
 Infusion Pump
• Infusion Pump importance:
• The design of an infusion pump
allows it to deliver very small
amounts of medication over time
through an intravenous drip.
• This can be used to deliver low
targeted doses to patients.
• When a patient need a prolonged
infusion of medication, a pump is
often better than a nurse or
other medical care provider,
because it moves at a slow,
steady rate.
 Infusion Pump
• Flow Rate:
Flow rate Q is defined to be the
volume of fluid passing by some
location through an area during
a period of time.
In symbols, this can be written
as

Where V is the volume and t is

the passed time.
The SI unit for flow rate is
The volume of the cylinder is Ad
and the average velocity is
So that the flow rate is
 Infusion Pump
• Flow Rate:
Disease Flow rate
Heart disease dangerous <=1ml/h
Normal feeding glucose 100-200ml/h
Patient suffering from diabetes (400) 4ml/h
Patient suffering from diabetes (300) 3ml/h
Heart attack patient needed medical solution 240ml/h
(dopamine)
Low pressure & bleeding (loss of body fluids) 400-600ml/h

What is the difference between flow rate and fluid velocity?

How are they related?
 Infusion Pump
• Components of Infusion Pump:
User inputs
 Flow rate
Display
 Volume
 Patient information
Microprocessor
RAM
Software
ADC

Sensors
Mechanical motion
 flow rate
 Steeper motor
 Pressure
 Full step drive
 air bubble
 Infusion Pump
• Flow Rate Sensor:
 Infusion Pump
• Pressure Transducer:

D0
input D1
b0
b1
Pressure D2 b2
D3 b3
transducer D4 b4
D5 b5
D7 b7

SOC b02
EOC b03

ADC0808
7414 Microcontroller
CLOCK
circuit
Block diagram of infusion pump
 Types of infusion devices
• Syringe pumps
• Volumetric pumps
• Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) pumps
• Ambulatory pumps
• Anesthesia pumps

The type of pump used is dependent on the patient’s

needs such as the required volume and the speed of
desired infusion
 Syringe pump: principles of operation
• Syringe pumps use a series of sensors and a
motor driven plunger head to infuse liquid at
a precise rate.

Inputs outputs
AC Moving plunger
Full syringe Liquid released at steady rate
 Syringe pump: principles of operation
• Chassis contain:
1. LCD Screen
2. Alarm to alert user of failures and other
issues that need attention
3. Power supply
4. Memory capabilities
 Records doses, Rate and settings
 Syringe pump: principles of operation
• Chassis contains:
 Barrel clamp sensor
 Determines if barrel of syringe is present
 Determines size of syringe
 Position sensor
 Determines how far plunger head is from chassis
 Syringe pump: Applications
• Infuse fluids, medication or nutrients into
circulatory system
• Administers fluids more reliably than humans
• Improve patient safety by increasing
consistency and accuracy
• Assist in investigation of incidents by collecting
data in memory
 Preventative Maintenance
• Replace IV tubing, and/or syringe
• Clean machine and chassis of any solution
residue
• Verify software and menu settings are
appropriate for clinical application
• Examine controls and switches for proper
function
• Confirm lights, indicators, and displays are
working.
 Preventative Maintenance
• Verify flow stops when device is turned off
• If device includes a feature that requires the IV
set to be closed before it is disconnected
(either automatically or manually), verify that
this mechanism is operating properly
• Check rollers and tubing to see if replacement
is necessary
• Run self-test, if equipped
 Preventative Maintenance
• Verify battery chargers and indicators are
working
• Check suggested replacement date for the
battery to see if the date is passed or
approaching
• Calibrate machine as necessary
• Check for unusual noise or vibration
• Examine internal cables and connectors
 Common failure modes
• No power
• Battery not holding charge
• No display
• Bad keypads
• Broken handles
• Flash memory errors
• Plunger sensor errors (syringe)
 Infusion pump test and safety
• Flow rate test
• Infused volume test
• Occlusion time

Read manual before using for safety