SPIRITUAL

SELF
Learning Outcomes
1. Understand the distinction between
belief and practice of religion.
2. Distinguish the different ways people
understand the soul.
3. Appreciate the functions of rituals and
ceremonies.
4. Differentiate religion, magic, and
witchcraft.
5. Search and speculate on the meaning
of life.
Spiritual Self
• An intimate version of the self
comprised of one’s moral
sensibility, conscience, and beliefs.
The spiritual self can be expressed
through one’s religion. Practices,
rituals, and ceremonies are
manifestations of what people
believe in.
Manifestations of the Spiritual
Self
 • The belief in and worship of
superhuman controlling
power, especially a personal
God or gods. An individual
lives in a society where there
Religion are many practices of
religion. The choice of a
religious belief lies within the
spiritual self. Although, the
choice may be influenced by
society and its culture.
Ritual The performance of
ceremonial acts
prescribed by a tradition
or sacred law. Ritual is a
specific and observable
mode of behavior
exhibited by all known
societies.
Characteristics of
Ritual
A feeling of respect or
dread in relation to the
sacred;
2. Dependence upon a
belief system;
3. Symbol to its
reference.
Major Religions of the World

2.
1.Buddhism 3. Hinduism
Christianity

4. Islam 5. Judaism
 BUDDHISM
Buddhism is a tradition that focuses on
personal spiritual development. Fourth largest
religion in the world.
Buddhists strive for a deep insight into the true
nature of life and do not worship gods or
deities.

Buddhists seek to reach a state

of nirvana, following the path of Buddhism originated
the Buddha, Siddhartha Northeast India.
Gautama, who went on a quest
for Enlightenment. Ancient
BUDDHISM

Sacred text: Tripitaka

→ Dharmachakra wheel symbolizes the

cycle of life, death, and rebirth. The
eight spokes remind people that the
Buddha taught about eight ways of life.
 Vipassana meditation – aims at
developing insights into reality of
life.
Buddhism
Parinirvana Day an annual
Practices Buddhist festival – remembers
the death of the Buddha when he
reached Nirvana at the age of 80.

Wesak day – celebrating the life

and death of Gautama Buddha.
 Christianity is the world’s biggest
religion. Any group whose beliefs are
based on the teaching of Jesus.
Christianity began as an offshoot of
the Jewish faith in Nazareth, Israel.
CHRISTIA
NITY Believes in God, Holy Spirit, as the
creator.

Sacred text: The Bible (Old and New

testaments) The cross is the main
symbol. It reminds Christians that
Jesus died on the cross to save them.
 Christianity Practices

Sacrament of Communion
Christ sacrificial love. An
Sacrament of Baptism – act of remembrance of Easter – celebrates the
symbolizes the birth in Jesus > Christmas – usually resurrection of Jesus Christ
Christian world. December 25, from death.
commemorates the birth of
Jesus Christ.
 Hinduism is the world’s third largest
religion. Hinduism is the oldest living
world religion. It is also the most
difficult to understand as Hindus may
be atheists, monotheists or polytheists

HINDUIS
Originated in Northern India about 4000
M years ago.

Sacred text: Vedas and Upanishads •

Aum is the main symbol of Hinduism. It
is the sound heard in deepest meditation
and is said to be the name most suited
for God.
 Hinduism Practices

Diwali – the festival of

lights. Divali symbolizes
the spiritual “victory of
light over darkness, good
over evil and knowledge
over ignorance.
Navratri – is a nine
nights Hindu festival. It is
observed for triumph of
good over evil.
 Islam is an Abrahamic, monotheistic
religion teaching that there is only one
God-Allah, and that Muhammad is the
messenger of God.

ISLAM The Arabic word ‘Islam’ means submission

and obedience and derives from a word
meaning ‘peace’. It is the world’s second-
largest religion, with its members most
commonly known as Muslims.

Originated in Saudi Arabia. • Sacred text:

The Qur’an
 ISLAM PRACTICES

Sawm – the fasting

Salat – the prayer that
from food, drinks, and Eidul-Fitr – the
is practiced five times a
sexual acts during the celebration at the end
day. Haji – the yearly
Ramadan. The fasting of Ramadan.
pilgrimage to Mecca.
is from dawn to sunset.
 Judaism is the oldest of the world’s four biggest
monotheistic religions. It’s also the smallest
among the 5 major religions of the world.

Believes that there is a single God who not

only created the universe, but with whom every

JUDAIS
Jew can have an individual and personal
relationship.

M Originated in Israel. Sacred text: Torah

The symbol or emblem of the Jewish

people is the Magen David (Shield of
David), also known as the Star of David.

Menorah –symbolizes the

burning bush as seen by Moses
on Mount Sinai.
 Judaism Practices

Yom Kippur – the day of Pesach – passover festival,

Rosh Hashanah – the new
Atonement, 25-hour period celebrates the Exodus myth
year, held in the first day of
of fasting and intensive from the Book of Exodus.
september. →
prayer.

Shavuot – Pentecost.
Celebrates the revelation of
the Five Books of the Torah
by God to Moses and to the
Israelites at biblical Mount
Sinai.
Sukkot – tabernacle,
commemorates the
sheltering of the Israelites in
the wilderness.
 SUMMARY

Religious beliefs, rituals,

A person might believe that
and practices are all part of Others may have religious
there is a higher being,
the expression of the practices which are
usually termed as God, but
spiritual self. → What to perceived to be contrary to
not necessarily wants to be
believe, and how to manifest the practices of other
affiliated with a certain
the belief is entirely groups.
religious group.
dependent on the individual.
GROUP 4
MARJORIE JINAYON
Dawn Bailado
Azhly Faith Usod
Mary Margarette Acera
Gabriel Baldesanso