Respiration

Gas exchange

Nisha Paryani
Faculty of Science
PP Savani Cambridge International School, Surat
 W
O
R
K

• Why do we breathe? Think of all the T

reasons why we need a respiratory O
system. G
E
T
H
E
R
 Warning: terminology!
• “Respiration” is used several different ways:
• Cellular respiration is the aerobic breakdown
of glucose in the mitochondria to make ATP.
• Respiratory systems are the organs in animals
that exchange gases with the environment.
• “Respiration” is an everyday term that is
often used to mean “breathing.”
Respiratory system function

• Respiratory systems allow animals to

move oxygen (needed for cellular
respiration) into body tissues and
remove carbon dioxide (waste product
of cellular respiration) from cells.
 Respiration
• Oxygen is required by every body cells
to produce energy.
• Respiration is the process of breaking
down of food in the form of energy with
the intake of oxygen.
• Respiratory system includes different
organs that help to take in oxygen and
give out carbon dioxide gas.
 Human Respiratory System
• Parts of the human
respiratory system include:

• Trachea

• Bronchi

• Bronchioles

• Lungs

• Alveoli

• Diaphragm
 Human Respiratory System
• When we breathe in through the nose, the air enters
into the trachea and then into two bronchi.

• The two bronchi divides into many bronchioles in the

lungs.

• The oxygen from the air reaches to several small

alveoli’s where gaseous exchange takes place.

• The blood capillaries surrounding the alveoli will take

in oxygen and release carbon dioxide which is then
breath out.

• This way gaseous exchange takes place in humans.

Gas Exchange in Alveoli
Gas Exchange in Alveoli
 Gas Exchange in Alveoli
• Gas exchange is the diffusion
of gases into and out of the
body which happens in
alveoli.

• Each lung consist of millions

of alveoli.

• Alveoli are very tiny, have

very thin walls and are
surrounded by blood
capillaries where gaseous
exchange takes place.
How Gaseous Exchange
takes place?
 How Gaseous Exchange
takes place?
• The blood moves in all the organs of the body and then goes to
heart.

• The cells in those organs used up oxygen and produces carbon

dioxide.

• So the blood which reaches inside the capillary has a little

oxygen and a lot of carbon dioxide.

• The air inside the air sac has come from outside the body and is
rich in oxygen.

• Oxygen therefore diffuses from high concentration (alveoli) to

low concentration (blood capillaries) in the blood vessels.

• Similarly, carbon dioxide diffuses from blood into the alveoli.

 QUESTIONS

1. Name the red pigment inside the blood vessels

that helps to carry oxygen.
2. Name the large blood vessel that carries blood
from heart to lungs.
3. Explain how oxygen diffuses from air sac into
the blood.
4. Why alveoli are very small in size?
Most of the oxygen in blood is:
25% 25% 25% 25%
1. In the white cells.
2. Bound to
hemoglobin.
3. Combined with
carbon to make
carbon dioxide.
4. Dissolved in the
plasma.

1 2 3 4
 Aerobic Respiration
• Living cells need energy to stay alive.
• They get this energy from nutrients especially
glucose.
• Glucose contains chemical potential energy.
• In aerobic respiration, oxygen combines with
glucose and releases carbon dioxide and water
along with energy.
• Some of the energy released is heat energy too.
• In other words, aerobic respiration is the release
of energy from glucose by reacting it with
oxygen inside living cells.
Seeds also respire……
Seeds also respire……
 DIET & FITNESS
• Being fit means that you can do moderate
exercise easily, without tiring too quickly.
• A fit person has a circulatory system that can get
oxygen and glucose to the muscles quickly.
• Regular exercise and a good diet will help you
to keep fit.
• When we exercise, we breathe faster and our
heart also beats faster.
• By breathing faster more oxygen enters in the
body cells for respiration to break down the
glucose and release energy to the cells.
 DIET & FITNESS
• Exercise helps your heart and breathing muscles
to get strong.
• If one eats too much, they get overweight and
become unfit because:
• Heart has to work more to push blood to
blood around the larger body.
• Space inside arteries may get narrower due to
deposition of fat.
• Extra energy is needed to move the body with
extra mass.
 Smoking is injurious to health…..

• As per WHO reports…….

• 4.2 million people will die as a result of smoking

cigarettes.

• Cigarettes kill half of all the people who smoke them

regularly.

• Smoking kills more people each year than all the

deaths from HIV/AIDS, drugs and road accidents
added together.
 Components of a Cigarette
• Nicotine

• It is a harmful drug which is addictive.

• It makes blood vessels get narrower so the heart has to

work harder to push the blood through them.

• Tar

• It causes lung cancer.

• In cancer, some cells divide continuously forming a

lump called tumour.
 Components of a Cigarette
• Carbon Monoxide

• It is an invisible gas.

• It combines with the haemoglobin inside RBC’s.

• This means they cannot carry as much oxygen.

• Particulates

• These are tiny particles of soot and other substances.

• The get into the lungs and damage the cells.

• The thin walls of air sacs may break down and makes difficult for
oxygen to go into the blood.
 Smoking is injurious to health…..

• Smoking increases the risk of heart disease and cancer.

• Smoking reduces the amount of oxygen transported

into the blood.

• Smoking damages the air sacs so it is difficult to get

enough oxygen into the body.
 QUESTIONS

1. Name two substances that are made during

aerobic respiration.
2. Explain how glucose gets to a muscle cell?
3. Explain how oxygen gets into a muscle cell?
4. Explain the difference between breathing and
respiration.
5. Explain why a professional athlete needs more
protein and carbohydrate in the diet.
6. Why smokers find it hard to quit smoking?