BIOLOGY

Breathing
 CONTENTS

1.
Gas exchange
2.
Respiration

3.
Breathing
01.
Gas exchange
 Gas exchange

• What is the name of the organ in the picture? Function?

• Gas exchange surface in human

• Oxygen (O2) in

• Carbon dioxide (CO2) out

• Need permeable surface  Cell membrane

• Cell membrane  Partially permeable

 Gas exchange

• Characteristics of gas exchange surface

1. Thin – Diffuse quickly

2. Close to an efficient transport system

3. Large surface area

4. Good supply to oxygen

 Breathing

• Human breathing system

1. Nose and mouth

2. Trachea

3. Bronchi

4. Bronchiole

5. The alveoli
 Breathing

• Human breathing system

1. Nose and mouth
2. Trachea
3. Bronchi
4. Bronchiole
5. The alveoli

• Characteristics
1. Thin – Diffuse quickly
2. Close to an efficient transport system
3. Large surface area
4. Good supply to oxygen
 Quiz
1. The diagram shows some structures in the human thorax (chest). From which part does

most oxygen pass directly into the blood?

 Quiz
2. What are the 4 characteristics of gas exchange surface?
 Quiz
3. What are human breathing system made of?
 Quiz
1. What is the different between inspired air and expired air?

2. How does O2 or CO2 go into blood capillary through lung? And where does this

exchange happen?

3. What is the characteristic of gas exchange surface?

4. Human breathing system is made of ….. ? (5 parts)

02.
Respiration
 Cell respiration

• Respiration

• Cell need energy for

1. Contract muscle

2. Make proteins

3. Cell division

4. Active transport

5. Nerve impulse

6. Produce heat
 Cell respiration

• Energy  From the food we eat  Respiration

 Cell respiration

• Respiration is not gas exchange !

• Gas exchange:

• Oxygen in

• Carbon dioxide out

• Respiration:

• Release the energy from food

 Cell respiration

• ATP is a source of energy (‘currency’)

1. Contract muscle

2. Make proteins

3. Cell division

4. Active transport

5. Nerve impulse

6. Produce heat
 Cell respiration

• Aerobic respiration

• Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP

• At mitochondria
 Cell respiration

• Anaerobic respiration:
• Plants: Glucose  Ethanol+ Carbon dioxide + ATP
• Animals: Glucose  Lactic acid + ATP
 Cell respiration

• Aerobic respiration

• Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP

• Inside mitochondria

• Anaerobic respiration

• Glucose  Ethanol+ Carbon dioxide + ATP

• Glucose  Lactic acid + ATP

 Quiz

1. What does cell need energy for?

2. What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

3. What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

03.
Breathing
 The mammalian gas exchange system

• Intercostal muscles: Found between the ribs and important in breathing, which moves air into and out of the lungs
to maintain a steep concentration gradient for rapid gas exchange
 The mammalian gas exchange system

• Diaphragm: Broad sheet of tissue made of tendon and muscle that forms the flow of the chest cavity, also
important in breathing movement
 The mammalian gas exchange system

• Breathing (ventilation)

• Take air in – Inhalation

• Breath air out – Exhalation

 The mammalian gas exchange system

• Gas exchange is passive diffusion, but inhalation is active energy-consuming process

• Diaphragm contract

• External intercostal muscle contract

• Volume of chest cavity increases

 The mammalian gas exchange system

• Normal exhalation is passive process

• Diaphragm relax – Spring back (elastic tissue)

• External intercostal muscle relax  Rib cage drop down to normal position

• Coughing - Internal intercostal muscle contract  Rib cage drop down ever further & Muscle of abdomen

also contract
nitrogen
oxygen

co2