Network Components

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NETWORK COMPONENTS
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NETWORKING DEVICES
• Networking devices are the devices which are used to

connect two or more hardware or devices with each other
to establish communication between them
• Some of the networking devices are: Hubs, Switch, Routers
and repeaters
HUBS
• Hubs are networking devices which works on the Physical

layer of the OSI model that are used to connect multiple
devices in a network. They are generally used to connect
computers in a LAN.
• A hub has many ports in it. A computer which is to be
connected to the network is plugged in to one of these
ports. When a data frame arrives at a port, it is broadcast to
every port even if the frame is not for that destination
FEATURES OF HUBS
• It is a non-intelligent device that sends message to all ports.

• Mode of transmission in a hub is half duplex.
• Collisions occurs in hubs if two systems are sending packets or
frame at the same time
• Since they lack intelligence to compute best path for transmission
of data packets, transmission of packets become time taking
• They are passive devices which don’t have any software associated
with it.
• They generally have only 4/12 ports.
HUBS
TYPES OF HUBS
Hubs are of three types:
• Passive hubs
• Active hubs
• Intelligent hubs
PASSIVE HUBS
• These connects systems in star topology. They do not
amplify or regenerate any signal, it is used to simply
broadcast the signal
ACTIVE HUBS
• Active hubs amplify the signals before broadcasting it. They
have their own power supply
• As they can regenerate and amplify the signals so it is also
capable to extend maximum distance between nodes
hence increasing the size of LAN
INTELLIGENT HUBS
• They are like active hubs, providing some additional network
management facilities
• They can perform functions like switching and providing
flexible data rates
REPEATERS
• Repeaters are network devices which are used to transmit
the signals.
• Repeaters extends transmission so it can cover a larger area
but does not amplify the signal
BRIDGE
• Bridge is a networking device which is used to connect two
Local Area Network from each other
• It operates on Data Link layer of the OSI model
TYPES OF BRIDGE
• Transparent Bridge- These are the bridge in which the

stations are not aware of the bridge’s existence. These use
two processes which is bridge forwarding and bridge
learning.
• Source Routing Bridge- Routing operation is performed by
the source station and the frame specifies which route is
followed. The host discovers the frame by sending a special
frame called the discovery frame, which spreads through
the entire network using the best possible path to the
destination.
SWITCH
• A switch is a multiport bridge with a buffer and a design
that can boost its efficiency(a large number of ports imply
less traffic) and performance.
• A switch is a Data link layer device. The switch can perform
error checking before forwarding data, which makes it very
efficient as it does not forward packets that have errors and
forward good packets selectively to the correct port only.
• It maintains a MAC/CAM table which includes details of
ports and MAC address of device connected to it
TYPES OF SWITCH
Unmanaged switches –These are the switches that are

mostly used in home networks and small businesses as they
provide plug and play services.
These require only small cable connections. It allows
devices on a network to connect with each other such as a
computer to a computer or a computer to a printer in one
location. They are less expensive out of all the switches.
SWITCH
MANAGED SWITCH
• These type of switches have many features like the highest
levels of security, precision control and full management of
the network.
• These are used in organizations containing a large network
and can be customized to enhance the functionality of
certain network.
• These are the most costly option but their scalability makes
them an ideal option for a network that is growing. They
are achieved by setting a simple network management
protocol(SNMP).
ROUTERS
• It is an internetworking device which is used to forward
data packets from one system to another by providing the
best suitable path.
• It maintains a routing table using which it selects the best
path for packets to reach the destination
GATEWAY
• Gateway is a network point which acts as an entrance to
another network.
• Network consists of gateway nodes and host nodes
• It converts data or information from one protocol/format to
another
FIREWALL
• Firewall is a network security device which monitors the

incoming and outgoing network traffic and allows and
blocks network traffic based on pre-defined rules
• These are the first line of defense in network security for
more than 25 years.
• Based on the functions of firewalls, we have different
categories of firewalls.
TYPES OF FIREWALL
• Stateful inspection firewall: It allows and blocks network
traffic based on the state, port and protocol numbers
• It starts monitoring network traffic as soon as the port is
open till the port gets closed again
TYPES OF FIREWALL
• Proxy firewall: This firewall acts as a gateway from one
network to another for specific applications
• These provide additional functions and security as they do
not allow direct connections from outside of the network
TYPES OF FIREWALL
• Next generation firewall: These firewalls are advanced
firewalls with the ability to block modern threats and
malwares
• These firewalls have integrated intrusion detection system
and techniques which can address the evolving threats in a
network or device
TYPES OF FIREWALL
• Unified threat management firewall: Its functions are
mostly like that of a stateful inspection firewall but includes
intrusion prevention and antivirus unlike stateful firewall
• It also includes additional services and is used in cloud
management
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®

• Networking devices are the devices which are used to

• Hubs are networking devices which works on the Physical

• It is a non-intelligent device that sends message to all ports.

Hubs are of three types:

• Transparent Bridge- These are the bridge in which the

Unmanaged switches –These are the switches that are

• Firewall is a network security device which monitors the

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