Lecture 1 & 2

INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY Engr. Muhammad Umar

& WORKPLACE HAZARDS CH-161
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute Of Engineering Sciences & Technology
ABOUT INSTRUCTOR 2

Engr. Muhammad Umar

• Email: m.umar@giki.edu.pk

Office: F-14, First Floor, FMCE.

Meeting Timing: 0800-1700 hrs

COURSE OBJECTIVE 3

Introduce occupational health & safety

Promote culture of personal safety.
Awareness of potential health & safety on workplace
Avoid common mistakes
Reduce illnesses, incidents and accidents
Consider health & safety solutions and best practices
Improve
• Safe work processes & productivity
• Early discovery of emerging events and issues
Encourage
• Communication & sharing
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs) 4

Students will be able to:

Understand the importance Learn how to deduce Enhance the students

of Occupational Health & the potential hazards of capability of observing
safety in professional Way. Fire, Chemicals, different types of hazards
Machine and and Risks.
Electricity.
 Outcomes Based Education (OBE) 5

20OBA-Manual%202014.pdf
http://www.pec.org.pk/downloadables/Accreditation/PEC%
1. Engineering knowledge

Programme Learning Outcomes

(Page 18)
2. Problem Analysis
3. Design/Development of solutions
4. Investigation
5. Modern tool usage
6. The Engineer and Society
7. Environment and sustainability
8. Ethics
9. Individual and team work
10. Communication
11. Project management
12. Lifelong learning
Bloom Taxonomy will be used to setup question paper for the
6
Examination

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Reference Books: 7
Text Book
1. Benjamin O. Ali, (2008) Fundamental Principles of Occupational Health
and Safety, 2nd Edition,
2. Management of international health and safety by Dr. J Phelpstead, PhD,
CMIOSH & Mrs. Zoe Neasham CMIOSH, Dip2OSH SPRING 2013 Ed
3. Control of international workplace hazards by Dr. J Phelpstead, PhD,
CMIOSH
4. HSE Guide, Essential of Health and Safety, 4th Edition, 2006.
Reference sites:
1. http://agency.osha.eu.int
2. http://www.hse.gov.uk
3. http://www.ilo.org
CONTENTS 8

1. Introducing Managing OH&S.

2. Hazards identification & Risk Assessments
3. Risk Control Strategies,
4. Understanding Responsibilities of Employer & Employee
5. Fire safety and controls methods,
6. Electrical safety and controls,
7. Chemical hazards and safety procedures of chemicals handling,
8. Investigation procedures & permit to work system (PTW),
9. Work Equipment Hazards and Risk Control
10. Chemical and Biological Health Hazards and Risk Controls.
11. Physical and Psychological Health Hazards and Risk Controls
12. CPR and First Aids Procedures
Evaluation Criteria 9
 What is OH & S ??? 10

Safety: Safety is the state of being "safe“ OR The protection from physical injury and
mental well-being of the individual

Health: The protection of body and mind from illness. It has been defined as "a state
of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease.

• According to World Health Organization (WHO); "occupational health deals with

all aspects of health and safety in the workplace and has a strong focus on
“Occupational
primary prevention health and safety encompasses the physical, mental
of hazards.
and social well-being of workers in all occupations”
What Is Safe System ? 11
 Why Manage HS? 12

We need health and safety to prevent ourselves or the people around us from getting injured.
Also to prevent the objects near us from getting damaged or broken.

Moral

Financial

Legal
 Where Do We Need Safety ? 13

• Living Place • Unknown Place

• Working Place • Labs

Machine Safety

Chemical Safety
Electrical Safety
Common Safety Signs 14
WORKPLACE HAZARDS 15

Anything that has a potential to

cause harm
WORKPLACE
HAZARDS

al
Physic Biological
ds ental
Hazar Hazards i ro nm
Env s
Ergonomic hazard
Hazards izati o nal
Chemic
al Organ rds
haza
Hazards
WORKPLACE HAZARDS 16

1- Physical Hazards
• Most common type of workplace hazards.
• Examples of physical hazards include slips,
trips, falls, exposure to loud noises, working
from heights, vibrations, and unguarded
machinery.Hazards
2. Ergonomic
• Ergonomic hazards occur as a result of physical factors
that can harm the musculoskeletal system.
• This type of hazard is not easily identified.
• e.g., poor lighting, repetitive motion, awkward movements,
and poor posture.
WORKPLACE HAZARDS 17

3. Chemical Hazards

• Exposure to chemical substances.

• E.G., Cleaning solutions and solvents,
vapors and fumes, carbon monoxide
and any other gases.

4. Biological Hazards

• Working with infected people, animals or

infectious plant material.
• Examples include blood or other bodily
fluids, animal care, insect bites, bacteria or
WORKPLACE HAZARDS 18

5. Environmental hazards:

• Air can be polluted from burning rubbish or emissions

from chimneys;
• Poor ventilation so that people become drowsy and
unable to operate machines safely due to lack of oxygen
or CO2
• Excessively hot working conditions can cause heat
exhaustion and hyperthermia;
• cold conditions may cause hypothermia and in extreme
cold there is a danger of frost bite
19
WORKPLACE HAZARDS 20

6. Organizational hazards
Include (psychosocial hazard):
Such as working with
• Social support (e.g. : supervisor and co-workers
support)
• Job demand (e.g: require to work very fast, very hard).
• Job satisfaction (satisfied with the kind of work that
he/she do, or satisfied with his/her income )
21
 22

SAFE WORKING
Personal Protective Equipment 23

• To protect employees from serious workplace injuries

or illnesses resulting from contact with chemical,
radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other
workplace hazards.
• e.g of PPE: face shields, safety glasses, hard hats, and
safety shoes, PPE includes a variety of devices and
garments such as goggles, coveralls, gloves, vests,
earplugs, and respirators, safety harness.
• least preferred method of protection from hazardous
exposures.
 24
When appropriate protective clothing or equipment needs to be provided
the following precautions should be taken
 Ensure that equipment/clothing is suitable and appropriate for the hazard that is being
protected against.

 Ensure that it prevents or properly controls the risk.

 Ensure the equipment/clothing is of good quality made to a recognized standard.

 Ensure the equipment/clothing suits the wearer in size, weight and fit.

 Consider the compatibility of different PPE for example goggles and the fit of a face

mask
 25

Is this an appropriate Is this an appropriate

Hard Hat ? Respirometer?
 26
Is this an appropriate Is this an appropriate
Welder`s Mask? Scaffolding?
Training 27

Employees required to use PPE must be

trained to know at least the following

 When PPE is necessary

 What type of PPE is necessary
 How to properly put on, take off, adjust and wear
PPEs
 Limitations of PPE
 Proper care, maintenance and disposal of PPEs
 28

Protection

Eye d
H an
Foot
Face
e rall
Hea
d Ov dy
Bo
1. Eye and Face Protection 29

Thousands of people are blind each year from work

related eye injuries. Injuries that could have prevented,
if only people would have used eye or face protection.

Types of eye/face hazards:

 Impact
 Heat
 Chemicals
 Dust
 Light and/or Radiation
1. Eye and Face Protection 30

1. Object Sticking Eyes

 Dust, powder, Fumes and Mists
• Small particles of matter can enter your eyes and damage them.
Operations such as grinding, chiseling, sanding, hammering and
spraying can relate small airborne particles

2. Contact with Chemicals

 Toxic Gases, Vapors and Liquids

• Toxic chemicals in the form of gases, vapors and
liquids can damage eyes and face.
1. Eye and Face Protection 31

3. Swinging Object
 Large objects such as
• Swinging chains, rope, cables
• Tools that are thrown or fall

4. Thermal and Radiation Hazard

• Operation such as welding, metal cutting

and working around furnaces can expose
your eyes to heat and radiations
1. Eye and Face Protection 32

ELIMINATION
2. Head Protection 33

Types of Head PPE:

• Class A Hard Hats
– Protect you from falling objects
– Protect you from electrical shocks up to 2,200 volts
• Class B Hard Hats
– Protect you from falling objects
– Protect you from electrical shocks up to 20,000 volts
• Class C Hard Hats
– Protect you from falling objects

• Bump Caps
– Bump caps are made from lightweight plastic and are designed to protect you from bumping
your head on protruding objects.
3. Hand Protection 34

Types of Hand PPE:

• Gloves
– Padded cloth gloves
• Protect your hands from sharp edges, dirt, and vibration
– heat resistant gloves
• Protect your hands from heat and flames
– latex disposable gloves
• used to protect your hands from germs and bacteria
– lead-lined gloves
• used to protect your hands from radiation sources
3. Hand, Arm and Finger Protection 35

• Forearm Cuffs
– used to protect your forearm
• Thumb Guards and Finger Cots
– protect only your thumb or fingers
• Mittens
– protect your hands while working around
very cold or hot materials
• Hand Pads
– Hand pads protect your hands while
working around very hot materials.
4. Foot Protection 36

Safety Shoes and Boots

– Steel toe footwear

• protects your toes from falling objects and from being crushed
– Metatarsal footwear
• special guards that run from your ankle to your toes and protect
your entire foot
– Reinforced sole footwear
• metal reinforcement that protects your foot from punctures
– Latex/Rubber footwear
• resists chemicals and provides extra traction on slippery surfaces
4. Foot Protection 37

Type of Foot PPE: Safety Shoes and Boots

– PVC footwear
• protects your feet against moisture and improves traction
– Butyl footwear
• protects against most ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, acids,
salts, and alkalis
– Vinyl footwear
• resists solvents, acids, alkalis, salts, water, grease, and blood
– Nitrile footwear
• resists animal fats, oils, and chemicals