College of dentistry/university of Mashreq

Assistant. Lec Mawj Numan

Hazard and it,s type

Second course , Biosafety &security lec 10

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College of dentistry/university of Mashreq
Assistant. Lec Mawj Numan

Hazard
 It’s a danger or source of danger; the potential to cause
harm.

 A hazard in safety management is a condition that poses

danger to your organization, and can lead to an accident,
incident, or other mishap if not mitigates.

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College of dentistry/university of Mashreq
Assistant. Lec Mawj Numan

Types of hazard:
 Biological hazard (Biohazard)
 Chemical hazard
 Physical hazard
 Physiological hazard
 Mechanical hazard

 Biohazard (Biological hazard): An agent of biological origin

that has the capacity to produce deleterious effects on humans
 i.e. microorganisms, toxins and allergens derived from those
organisms; and allergens and toxins derived from higher plants
and animals.

(BIOHAZARD)warning sign for laboratory

doors

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College of dentistry/university of Mashreq
Assistant. Lec Mawj Numan

Biohazards Materials
• Viruses
• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Chlamydia/Rickettsia
• Prions
• Recombinant DNA

As well as:
 Human and blood products
 Animal waste
 Sharp waste

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College of dentistry/university of Mashreq
Assistant. Lec Mawj Numan

Biohazardous Materials

 Transgenic Plants, Animals and Insects

Chemical hazard:
It is occupational hazard caused by exposure to chemical
in the workplace.

Chemical hazard includes:

 Poisons
 Acids
 Cleaning agents
 Chemical substances
 Pesticides
 Flammable material

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College of dentistry/university of Mashreq
Assistant. Lec Mawj Numan

Mechanical hazard includes:

Electricity

Equipment

Cranes

Results: cutting

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College of dentistry/university of Mashreq
Assistant. Lec Mawj Numan

Physical hazard
Door

Noise

Radiation

Lightning

Temperature

Falling objects

Physiological hazard or Behavioral hazards

Causing stress to worker like:

 Over work

 Harassment

 Discrimination

 Violence

 Bullying

 Alcohol and drugs

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College of dentistry/university of Mashreq
Assistant. Lec Mawj Numan

Threat

 It is the likelihood for an adverse event to occur, as an

expression of intention to inflict evil, injury, disruption or
damage.

Two Types of Threats

There are two types of threats that are used differently in
different contexts. They are:
• General threats: the amount danger in a given condition.
• Specific threats: a specific object, situation, behavior, etc.,
that corresponds to a rising level of danger within a given
context.

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College of dentistry/university of Mashreq
Assistant. Lec Mawj Numan

Hazard Control
When evaluating the risks associated with specific hazards, the
results of this evaluation should guide the researcher in the
selection of risk management techniques including
 elimination
 substitution
 engineering controls
 administrative controls
 personal protective equipment
This is known as the Hierarchy of Controls

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College of dentistry/university of Mashreq
Assistant. Lec Mawj Numan

Elimination and Substitution

 The most preferred method of controlling risk is to
eliminate the hazard altogether.
 In most cases, elimination is not feasible and when possible
substitution is the best approach to hazard mitigation.
 When possible, substitute less hazardous agents in place of
their more hazardous counterparts. This also applies to
conditions and activities.
 Examples include substituting toluene for benzene, non-
lead-based paints for lead-based ones.

Engineering Controls
Engineering controls consist of a variety of methods for
minimizing hazards, including
process control
enclosure
isolation
ventilation.
• Process controls involve changing the way that a job activity
is performed in order to reduce risk. Examples of this include
using wet methods when drilling or grinding or using
temperature controls to minimize vapor generation.

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College of dentistry/university of Mashreq
Assistant. Lec Mawj Numan

• Enclosure and isolation are targeted at keeping the chemical

in and the researcher out, or visa versa. Glove boxes are a
good example of enclosure and isolation.
• Interlock systems for lasers and machinery are other good
examples of isolating processes.
• Ventilation
• The most common method for ventilation in research
laboratories is localized exhaust systems. Fume hoods,
snorkels, and other ventilation systems

.•

Administrative Controls
Administrative controls are controls which alter the way work
is performed. They may consists of
policies, training, standard operating procedures/guidelines,
personal hygiene practices, work scheduling, etc.
These controls are meant to minimize the exposure to the
hazard and should only be used when the exposure cannot be
completely mitigated through elimination/substitution or
engineering controls.

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College of dentistry/university of Mashreq
Assistant. Lec Mawj Numan

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

 PPE should always be used as a last line of defense and is
an acceptable control method when engineering or
administrative controls cannot provide sufficient
protection.
 PPE may also be used on a temporary basis while
engineering controls are being developed.

Control of biological hazards

The best way to prevent disease is to reduce or eliminate
exposure to biological agents. Here are some tips to protect
yourself from injury:
1. Practice good personal hygiene (such as regular hand
washing) it is one of the best ways to prevent cross infection.
2. Keep your vaccinations up-to-date.
3. Ensure that any equipment that may harbor biological
hazards (such as fans, ventilation systems) is regularly
maintained, cleaned and sterilized.

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College of dentistry/university of Mashreq
Assistant. Lec Mawj Numan

4. Cleaning and disinfecting work surfaces often.

5. Clean up stains instantly.
6. Treat and dispose of all hazardous biological waste safely.
Blood and any other body fluids should always be handled as
if it could be contagious. In the event of injuries or bleeding,
each individual should be treated in a manner that minimizes
exposure to blood and body fluids.
7. Wear personal protective equipment (such as gloves, masks),
where appropriate.

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