What Is Computer Architecture?

Components,
Types, And Examples

SlideMake.com
What Is Computer Architecture?

Computer architecture refers to the design and

structure of a computer system.

It encompasses the organization, functionality,

and implementation of hardware and software
components.

Computer architecture determines the

performance, efficiency, and capabilities of a
computer system.
Components of Computer Architecture

Central Processing Unit (CPU): Handles

instructions and performs calculations.

Memory: Stores data and instructions for quick

access.

Input/Output (I/O) devices: Allow

communication between the computer and
external devices.
Types of Computer Architecture

Von Neumann Architecture: Separates memory

and CPU, using a bus for communication.

Harvard Architecture: Uses separate buses for

instructions and data, allowing simultaneous
access.

RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer):

Emphasizes simplicity and efficiency by using a
limited set of instructions.
Examples of Computer Architectures

x86 Architecture: Widely used in personal

computers and servers, supporting both CISC
and RISC instructions.

ARM Architecture: Dominates the mobile

device market due to its power efficiency and
simplicity.

Power Architecture: Commonly found in high-

performance computing systems and game
consoles.
Memory Hierarchy in Computer Architecture

Registers: Fastest and smallest form of memory,

located within the CPU.

Cache: Stores frequently accessed data for

quick retrieval.

Main Memory (RAM): Holds data and

instructions currently in use.
Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)

Defines the set of instructions that a CPU can

understand and execute.

Determines the machine language and the

format of instructions.

Examples include x86, ARM, MIPS, and

PowerPC.
Performance Metrics in Computer Architecture

Clock Speed: The number of instructions a CPU

can execute per second.

Instruction Execution Time: The time taken to

execute a single instruction.

Throughput: The number of instructions a CPU

can execute in a given time.
Conclusion

Computer architecture is crucial in determining

the performance and capabilities of a computer
system.

Different types of computer architectures offer

varying advantages and trade-offs.

Examples such as x86, ARM, Power, and

SPARC demonstrate the diversity in computer
architecture.
References

Hennessy, J. L., & Patterson, D. A. (2017).

Computer Architecture: A Quantitative
Approach. Morgan Kaufmann.

Stallings, W. (2015). Computer Organization

and Architecture. Pearson.

Your third bullet