Formulas:

(Conduction)
1. Conduction Through Plane Wall, Q
Q= [k *A*(TA – TB) ] / x 3. Conduction From Fluid to Fluid, Q
Q= [h1 *A*(T1 – TA) ]
TA TB Where:
Q =heat transmitted, W Q= [h2 *A*(TD – T2) ]
A = heat transfer area, m2
Q Q= [A*(T1 – T2) ] /[1/h1 + x1 /k1 + x2 /k2 + x3 /k3 + 1/h2]
k TA = surface temperature on hot side, °C, K
Hot side Cold side TB = surface temperature on cold side, °C, K Q= [A*U*(T1 – T2) ]
x = wall thickness, m
x k = thermal conductivity, W/m-°C
TA TB TC TD
2. Conduction Through Composite Plane Wall, Q T1 T2
Q h
Q= [k1 *A*(TA – TB) ] / x1 1 k1 k2 k3 h2
Hot side Cold side
Q= [k2 *A*(TB – TC) ] / x2
x1 x2 x3
Q= [A*(TA – TC) ] / [x1 /k1 + x2 /k2 ]
Where:
Where:
Q =heat transmitted, W
TA TB TC Q =heat transmitted, W
A = heat transfer area common to all walls, m 2
A = heat transfer area common to both walls, m 2
h1 = surface film conductance on the hot side, W/m 2-°C
TA = surface temperature on hot side, °C, K
Q h2 = surface film conductance on the cold side, W/m 2-°C
k1 k2 TB = temperature in between 2 layers, °C, K
U = overall conductance or overall coefficient of heat
Hot side Cold side TC = surface temperature on cold side, °C, K
transfer, W/m2-°C
x 1= wall thickness of first layer, m
x1 x2 x 2= wall thickness of second layer, m
k1 = thermal conductivity of first layer, W/m-°C
• 1. Calculate the transfer rate across 6 in. wall of firebrick with a
temperature difference across the wall of 50degC the termal
conductivity of the firebrick is 0.65 btu/hr-ft-degF at temperature
interest