NORMA FRONTALIS

AND
NORMA BASALIS
NORMA FRONTALIS
Sutures of norma frontalis :-
1. Internasal
2. Frontonasal
3. Lacrimomaxillary
4. Frontomaxillary
5. Intermaxillary
6. Zygomaticomaxillary
7. Zygomaticofrontal
 Structure Passing through foramina :-
 1. Supraorbital Notch :- Supraorbital nerve and vessels
 2. Infraorbital foramen :- Infraorbital nerve and vessels
 3. Zygomaticofacial foramen :- Maxillary Nerve
 4. Mental foramen :- Mental nerve and vessels

Clinical Anatomy :-
Nasal bone most commonly facture bone of face
Mandible and parietal eminence are next bone to fracture
Zygomaticofacial Foramen :-
NORMA BASALIS
Structure passing through foramina :-

 1. Incisive foramen :- parts of greater palatine vessels ,

terminal part of nasopalatine nerve
 2. Greater palatine foramen :- anterior palatine
nerve , greater palatine vessels
 3. Lesser palatine foramen :- middle and posterior
palatine nerves
 4. Foramen Ovale :- @MALE
Mandibular nerve , Accessory meningial artery ,
Lesser petrosal nerve , Emissary vein
 5. Foramen Spinosum :- middle meningial artery ,
middle meningial vein , nerve spinous
 6. Foramen Rotendum :- maxillary nerve , emissary
vein
 7. Foramen Lacerum :- meningial branch of assending
pharyngeal artery , emissary vein , internal carotid artery ,
greater petrosal nerve
 8. Carotid canal :- Internl carotid artery and vein , emissary
vein
 9. Jugular foramen :- anterior part – inferior petrosal
sinus ,middle part – 9,10,11 cranial nerve , posterior part –
sigmoid sinus
 10. Stylomastoid foramen :- 7th CN , stylomastoid artery
 11. Hypoglossal Canal :- 12th CN , meningial branch of
ascending pharyngeal artery
 11. Foramen Magnum :-
 > Anterior Compartment :-
 Apical ligament of dens ,
 upper band of crucifer ligament of atlas ,
 membrane tectoria
 > Posterior Compartment :-
 Medulla Oblangata ,
 two posterior spinal artery ,
 1x anterior spinal artery ,
 2x vertebral artery ,
 sympathetic plexus ,
 spinal root of two accessory nerve
Thank You ..