APPLICATIONS OF

Z-TRANSFORM

P.SAI CHARAN
22R01A0453
ECE-A
 APPLICATION
•A closed-loop (or feedback) control system is shown in Figure.

•If you can describe your plant and your controller using linear
difference equations, and if the coefficients of the equations don't
change from sample to sample, then your controller and plant are
linear and shift-invariant, and you can use the z transform.
 HOW?
⚫ Suppose xn=output of the plant at sample time n

un=command to the DAC at sample time n

a and b=constants set by the design of the plant

⚫ You can solve the behaviour equation of the plant over

time.

⚫ Furthermore you can also investigate what happens when you

add feedback to the system.

⚫ The z transform allows you to do both of these things.

 THERE’S MORE…

⚫ Deals with many common feedback control

problems using continuous-time control.
⚫ Also used in sampled-time control situations to
deal with linear shift-invariant difference
equations.
 Z-Transform at WORK

⚫ Z-Transform takes a sequence of xn

numbers and transforms it into an expression X(Z)
that depends on the variable Z but not n. That's the
transform part.
⚫ So the problem is transformed from the sampled
time domain (n) to the z domain.
 Z-Transform Formation
⚫ The z transform of x is denoted as Z(x) and
defined as,
 EXAMPLE
⚫ Figure shows a motor and gear train that we
might use in a servo system.

⚫ Here the difference equation that describes the

plant might look like
⚫We can take the z transform of the
behaviour equation without knowing
what xn or un are and get,

⚫Notice a cool thing: We've turned the

difference equation into an algebraic
equation!
⚫This one of the many things that makes
the z transform so useful because we can
now easily solve the algebraic equation.
 Transfer Function

⚫ The function H(Z) is called the “Transfer Function"

of the system – it shows how the input signal is
transformed into the output signal.
H(Z)=Y(Z)/X(Z)

⚫ In Z domain, the Transfer Function of a system

isn't affected by the nature of the input signal, nor
does it vary with time.
⚫ We can predict the behavior of the motor
using H(Z).
⚫ Let's say we want to see what the motor will do
if x goes from 0 to 1 at time n = 0, and stays there
forever. This is called the ‘unit step function’ and
the Z-Transform of the unit step response is
H(Z)=Z/(Z-1).
⚫ Thus we can know everything about the
system behaviour and avoid undesirable
situations.
 SOFTWARE
⚫ You can write software from the Z-Transform with
utter ease.
⚫ Like, if you have a Transfer Function of a system,
then the software turns it into a Z-domain equation
which can then be converted into a difference
equation which in turn can be turned into a software
very quickly.
⚫ This saves the manual work and a software for a
plant can be produced within seconds.
THANK
YOU