PARA 2600 - REVIEW

MODULE 6: THE NEWBORN AND THE NEWBORN AT RISK

MODULE 7: NEONATAL RESUSCITATION
MODULE 8: INFANT AND CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
MODULE 6: THE NEWBORN AND THE NEWBORN
https://www.pinterest.com/precimiracles/newborn-photos/

AT RISK
.
TRANSITION FROM FETUS TO NEWBORN
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ADAPTATIONS

What happens?
WHAT ARE
PREDISPOSING
FACTORS THAT LEAD
TO HEAT LOSS?
,
.
BEHAVIOURAL PATTERNS OF NEWBORNS
Period of Decreased
First Period of Reactivity Second Period of Reactivity
Responsiveness
QUESTION

Is the following statement True or False?

• A respiratory rate of 44 breaths/minute would be considered a normal finding
in a newborn.
 QUESTION

Is the following statement True or False?

• During the first period of reactivity, a newborn is typically quite sleepy.
 QUESTION

When assessing the stools of a 1-week-old newborn who is being breast-fed,

which would the nurse expect to find?
A. Greenish-black tarry stool
B. Seedy greenish-brown stool
C. Yellow-gold loose stool
D. Yellow-green soft formed stool
 QUESTION

• Is the following statement True or False?

• An LGA newborn typically has a dense body mass but a wasted appearance.
LARGE-FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE NEWBORNS

• Risk factors associated with LGA newborns

https://health.detik.com/read/2009/06/30/123307/1156366/770/besar-untuk-masa-kehamilan--bmk-lga-large-for-gestational-age-
 QUESTION

• When assessing a preterm newborn, which would the paramedic expect to

find?
A. Limited lanugo
B. Few palmar creases
C. Wrinkled, thick skin
D. Wide-eyed expression
 http://www.michaelkormos.com/_tinyones

WHAT ARE SOME ACQUIRED CONDITIONS OF THE

NEWBORN?
 WHAT AM I??

• Rectum ending in blind pouch or fistulas between rectum and perineum

• Assessment: absence of anal opening, no passage of meconium, signs and
symptoms of intestinal obstruction
• Management: preparation for surgery, postoperative care
 WHAT AM I ??

• Protrusion of bladder onto abdominal wall

• Separation of rectus muscles and symphysis pubis
• Boys also with epispadias
• Initial bladder closure within 48 hours of birth; further reconstruction at age 2
to 3 years
 QUESTION

• Is the following statement True or False?

• Neonatal asphyxia most often spontaneously resolves within 72 hours after
birth.
GESTATIONAL
AGES
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 QUESTION

• Is the following statement True or False?

• The underlying problem associated with meconium aspiration syndrome in
utero involves hypoxic stress.
 QUESTION

• Is the following statement True or False?

• Most newborns who experience pathologic jaundice do so after they have
been discharged from the birth facility.
MODULE 7: NEONATAL RESUSCITATION
PROGRAM
WHAT 3 QUESTIONS DO WE ASK ABOUT THE
NEWBORN??
THE RESUSCITATION TRIANGLE
.

.
WHAT NUMBERS DO WE
WANT TO REMEMBER IN
NRP??

• , • ,
M

A http://www.primobaby.com/
FILL IN THE BLANKS

• About ______________________ of newborns will require some assistance to begin regular breathing.
• About ______________________ of newborns will require extensive resuscitation to survive.
• The air that fills the baby’s alveoli during normal transition contains ______________ oxygen.
• Perinatal stress results in initial period of _________ breathing followed by a period of ____________
apnea.
• During _______________________ stimulation will not restart the baby’s breathing.
• The recommended intratracheal dose of epi is ____________ ml/kg.
MODULE 8:
Infant and Child Growth and
Development
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES - INFANT

Erikson Piaget Freud

• . • .
QUESTION

• The expected heart rate in a healthy newborn is:

A. 80 to 100 BPM
B. 100 to 120 BPM
C. 120 to 140 BPM
D. 140 to 160 BPM
LIST THE 8 PRIMITIVE REFLEXES IN INFANCY
QUESTION

• Which of the following senses is least developed at the time of birth?

A. Smell
B. Taste
C. Touch
D. Vision
WHAT ARE THE PROTECTIVE REFLEXES?
WHAT ARE THE 6
STATES OF INFANT
CONSCIOUSNESS??
__________________________________
QUESTION
• Which of the following organ systems reaches adult levels of function earliest?
A. Musculoskeletal
B. Renal
C. Respiratory
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES - TODDLER

Erikson Piaget
• . • .
 QUESTION
• Is the following statement true or false?
• Hearing ability in the toddler should be equivalent to that of an adult
QUESTION

• Preschoolers are particularly susceptible to urinary tract infection. What aspect development
contributes to this heightened risk?
A. The low-pH character of preschoolers’ urine
B. The high incidence of undiagnosed kidney stones
C. The relative shortness of the preschooler’s urethra
D. The lack of bladder control in preschoolers
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES - PRESCHOOLER

Erikson Piaget Kohlberg

• . • .
WHAT ARE COMMON
DEVELOPMENTAL CONCERNS FOR
THE PRE-SCHOOL CHILD?
-
QUESTION

• Is the following statement true or false?

• The average five-year-old should have a vocabulary of between 400 and 500 words
QUESTION

• Parents must use a forward-facing car seat with harness and top tether until the child weights at least:
A. 14 kg
B. 18 kg
C. 22 kg
D. 26 kg
QUESTION

• Menarche most often occurs when girls are between:

A. Ages 10 and 11
B. Ages 11 and 12
C. Ages 12 and 13
D. Ages 13 and 14
QUESTION

• Is the following statement true or false?

• Adolescents tend to develop increased endurance before they experience improvements in
coordination, speed, and accuracy
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES – SCHOOL-AGE
CHILD
Erikson Piaget Kohlberg
• . • .
WHAT ARE COMMON
DEVELOPMENTAL CONCERNS FOR
THE SCHOOL-AGE CHILD?
-
QUESTION

• A 15-year-old has stated to you that he is gay. What conclusion should you draw from this statement?
A. The boy may or may not maintain this orientation into adulthood
B. The boy will likely establish a heterosexual orientation by his early twenties
C. The boy is likely making the statement solely to gauge the your response
D. The boy is consciously reacting against the norms of his culture
QUESTION

• Is the following statement true or false?

• Prepubescence occurs in girls approximately two years before it occurs in boys.
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES – ADOLESCENT

Erikson Piaget Kohlberg

• . • .
WHAT ARE COMMON
DEVELOPMENTAL CONCERNS
DURING ADOLESCENCE?
-
QUESTION

• Which of the following activities exemplifies Erikson’s stage of industry versus inferiority?
A. A child begins to take in interest in reading
B. A child finds fulfillment in being a member of a sports team
C. A child is able to differentiate fantasy from reality
D. A child knows multiplication tables up to 12
THE END
Modules 6, 7 and 8 will be tested on
Midterm 2.
Please reference your course outline for
exam dates.