Unit 1

Microprocessor Architecture
& Microprocessor System

By:
Krunal H. Parmar
Lecturer
Biomedical Department
A.V.P.T.I, Rajkot
Krunal H.Parmar Unit-1 AVPTI, Rajkot
What is Microprocessor?
• A microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable, clock driven, register based
electronic device that reads binary instructions from a storage device called
memory, accepts binary data as input and processes data according to those
instructions, and provides result as output.
• Basically, it is a programmable device. It is similar to human brain.

Krunal H.Parmar Unit-1 AVPTI, Rajkot

A Programmable Machine
• Hardware
• Software
• Microprocessor applications classification
1. Reprogrammable system
2. Embedded System
• Binary Digits (Bit) Machine Language
• Assembly Programming Language (English like wor
• Words “Mnemonics” e.g. MOV, CPL
• Microprocessor as a Programmable device
• Memory (Group of Registers) Flip Flop SR Flip flop
• 1KB = 2^10 = 1024
• Input/Output
Krunal H.Parmar Unit-1 AVPTI, Rajkot
Microprocessor as a CPU (MPU)

Krunal H.Parmar Unit-1 AVPTI, Rajkot

Organization of Microprocessor based System

• ALU
• Register Array
• Control Unit
• Memory
• Input/Output
• System Bus
• Address Bus
• Data Bus
• Control Bus

Krunal H.Parmar Unit-1 AVPTI, Rajkot

How does the Microprocessor works?

• Fetch Phase: This is the first phase of the

instruction cycle. The program counter’s value is used for
addressing (accessing) a specific cell from the program
memory. This memory cell contains the instruction that
have to be executed by the CPU at the end of the
instruction cycle. The retrieval from program memory and
the placement of this instruction into the instruction
register (IR) is referred to as fetching. At the end of the
current fetch phase the program counter’s value is
increased to point to the next memory address.

Krunal H.Parmar Unit-1 AVPTI, Rajkot

How does the Microprocessor works?

• Decode Phase: In this phase the control

unit of the CPU performs few actions based
on the value of the instruction register (the
fetched value):
• Decode the instruction – the opcode of the
instruction defines what type of instruction it
is (e.g data processing, memory access etc.).
• MOV A,B
• Fetch the operands – based on the opcode
and additional information contained in the
instruction format, the control unit
determines what type of operands are
needed and where they should be fetched
from.
Krunal H.Parmar Unit-1 AVPTI, Rajkot
How does the Microprocessor works?

• Execute Phase: The execution is

the last phase of the instruction cycle.
Here the actual operation specified by
the fetched instruction is performed. If
it is a data processing instruction then
the operands are passed through the
ALU and/or other data manipulation
units if available for processing. At the
end of the execute phase, the result of
the executed instruction is stored in
either the data memory or a CPU
register (depending on the architecture
and the instruction).
Krunal H.Parmar Unit-1 AVPTI, Rajkot
8085 Microprocessor Pin Diagram

Krunal H.Parmar Unit-1 AVPTI, Rajkot

8085 Microprocessor Pinout & Signals

Krunal H.Parmar Unit-1 AVPTI, Rajkot

Signals of 8085 Pin Out

• Signals classified in six groups:

1) Address bus
2) Data bus
3) Control & Status signals
4) Power Supply & Frequency signals
5) Externally initiated signals
6) Serial I/O Ports

Krunal H.Parmar Unit-1 AVPTI, Rajkot

8085 Machine Cycle Status & Control Signals

Krunal H.Parmar Unit-1 AVPTI, Rajkot