Permanent

Mandibular Incisors
 Permanent Mandibular Incisors

 - develops from 4 lobes

 smallest MD dimension than any teeth
 -smaller in all dimension than max incisors
 -central smaller than lateral, which is a
reverse in the maxilla
 -teeth have similar form and have smooth
crown surfaces
 -show few traces of developmental lines
 Permanent Mandibular Incisors

 Mamelons on incisal ridges are worn off

soon after eruption
 Contact areas are near incisal ridges
mesially and distally; and are nearly the
same level
 Anatomical form differs entirely from
maxillar incisors
 Mandibular Central Incisor
 -smallest tooth in the dental arch,
 bilaterally symmetrical (mesial half is a mirror
image of the distal half)

 -crown has more than half the MD dimension of

the maxillary incisors, but labiolingual diameter is
only about 1mm less
 -root is very narrow mesiodistally, length is
greater than max central incisor.
 Mandibular Central Incisor

First evidence of calcification 3 - 4 months

Enamel completed 4 - 5 years

Eruption 6 - 7 years

Root completed 9 years

Mand Right Central
Labial Aspect
- crown outline is trapezoidal

-incisal ridge is straight and is

approximately at right angle to the
root axis line.

-relatively sharp mesial and distal

incisal angles

-crown outline mesial and distal

make a straight drop downward from
the incisal angles to contact areas

-
Mand Right Central
Labial Aspect
-Contact Areas:
Mesial – in the incisal
3rd, very near the
incisal angle

Distal – in the incisal

3rd, but cervical to the
level of the MCA
 Mand Right Central
Labial Aspect

- mesial and distal sides of

crown taper evenly from
contact areas to narrow
cervix

-labial face is smooth with

flattened surface at the
incisal 3rd, more convex
middle 3rd and narrows
down to the convexity of
the root at the cervical
portion
 Mand Right Central
Labial Aspect

-M and D root outlines are

straight with the M and D
outlines of the crown

-root terminates in a small

pointed taper, in most
cases curving
distally.

-labial surface of root –

regular and convex
Mand Right Central
Lingual Aspect
-crown is trapezoidal

-crown surface smooth

with very slight concavity

-sometimes, MMR and

DMR are more
prominent near the
incisal edges creating a
more distinct concavity
between MRs
Mand Right Central
Lingual Aspect

- lingual surface becomes

flat, then convex from
incisal 3rd to cervical 3rd

-no developmental lines

mark the cingulum
(centered).

-outlines and surfaces are

regular and symmetrical.
 Mand Right Central
Mesial Aspect

-crown outline –triangular

-Labial outline- straight

above CEJ ; slopes from
crest of curvature to IR

-Lingual outline – straight

line above cingulum,
concave line at middle
3rd, rounded outline at
incisal 3rd
Mand Right Central
Mesial Aspect

-Incisal ridge is rounded

or worn flat and its
center is usually lingual
to the center of the root
(RAL)

-CEJ curving
approximately 1/3 the
length of the crown.
 Mand Right Central
Mesial Aspect

-mesial outline of root

straight from CEJ to
middle 3rd
* root diameter is
uniform from cervical 3rd
and part of the middle
3rd., then tapering rapidly
to the apical 3rd to either
a blunt rounded or
pointed apex.
 Mand Right Central
Mesial Aspect

-mesial surface of root is

flat below CEJ

-mesial surface of root is

flat labiolingually (arch
trait)
Mand Right Central
Mesial Aspect

-most roots have a

broad developmental
depression for most of
its root length,

-depressions mostly
deeper at the junction
of the middle and
apical 3rd.
 Mand Right Central
Distal Aspect

-same as mesial except

-CEJ curves less (1mm)

than mesial;

-developmental
depression is more
marked, with deeper and
more-well defined
developmental groove at
the center.
 Mand Right Central
Incisal Aspect
-illustrates bilateral
symmetry; mesial half
is almost identical with
distal half.

- cingulum - center

-incisal edge is almost

at right angles to the
line bisecting the crown
labiolingually.
(serves as identification)
 Mand Right Central
Incisal Aspect

-labiolingual
diameter is always
greater mesiodistal
width

-labial surface of
crown is wider MD
than the lingual
surface
 Mand Right Central
Incisal Aspect

-crown wider labially than

lingually (cingulum-
centered) at cervical 3rd

-labial surface of crown at

the incisal 3rd has a
tendency towards
convexity, whereas,
lingual has an inclination
towards concavity.

-more labial surface seen

than lingual
 Mandibular Lateral Incisors

 Closely resembles lower centrals

 Larger than mand central incisor
 Together with central incisor, operate in
the dental arch as a team, their
functional form is related.
 Mandibular Lateral Incisor

First evidence of calcification 3 - 4 months

Enamel completed 4 - 5 years

Eruption 7 - 8 years

Root completed 10 years

Mand Right Lateral
Labial Aspect
-Crown outline is trapezoidal

-resembles central incisor

but not bilaterally
symmetrical bec. IR is not at
right angle to the RAL

-incisal ridge is straight and

slopes downward towards
the distal making distal half
slightly shorter than mesial
half
Mand Right Lateral
Labial Aspect

-distal side has a slight

bulge;

-crown appears to be
tilted distally

-root is tapering and

apical end curved
slightly to distal
Mand Right Lateral
Labial Aspect

-Contact Areas:

- Mesial - incisal 3rd,

near the incisal ridge

- Distal – incisal 3rd,

but more cervical to
the level of the MCA
 Mand Right Lateral
Lingual Aspect

Lingual Aspect (same as

central but appears larger)
-crown is trapezoidal

-crown surface is smooth

-small smooth cingulum

(slightly off centered to the
distal)

-crown titled distally on its root

base
 Mand Right Lateral
Mesial Aspect

-crown is triangular

-mesial side of crown

longer than distal side,
causing incisal ridge to
slope downward
towards distal

-cingulum is poorly
developed
Mand Right Lateral
Mesial Aspect

-crown is longer than

central

*IR is lingual to RAL

-root is considerably
longer, flat and with
developmental
depression
 Mand Right Lateral
Distal Aspect
-distal side of crown
shorter than mesial
side, causing incisal
ridge to slope
downward towards
distal

-tendency toward
deeper concavity
immediately above CEJ
on the distal surface
 Mand Right Lateral
Distal Aspect

- Less curvature of
CEJ than mesial

-root is considerably
longer, flat and with
marked /deeper
developmental
depression
 Mand Right Lateral
Incisal Aspect
-serves to identify
mand lateral from
mand central incisor

-cingulum is off-
centered distally

-incisal edge is not at

approximate right
angles to the line
bisecting the crown &
root labiolingually.
 Mand Right Lateral
Incisal Aspect

Incisal edge follows

curvature of lower arch ,
gives the crown the
appearance of being
twisted slightly on its root
base

-labiolingual diameter is
always greater mesiodistal
width

-labial surface of crown is

wider MD than the lingual
surface