Networking Essentials

( Windows Server OS)

Semester III
 Microsoft Windows Server 2012
Chapter 1-
Introduction to Windows Server and
VMWare Workstation Followed by their
Installations

2
Windows Server OS 2012
 Introduction

What is an Operating System???

• An Operating system (OS) is a software which acts as an interface
between the end user and computer hardware. Every computer must
have at least one OS to run other programs. An application like
Chrome, MS Word, Games, etc. needs some environment in which it
will run and perform its task. The OS helps you to communicate with
the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's
language.
 What Does Server Operating System (Server OS) Mean?

A server operating system (OS) is a type of operating system that is

designed to be installed and used on a server computer.
It is an advanced version of an operating system, having features and
capabilities required within a client-server architecture or similar
enterprise computing environment.

Some common examples of server OSs include:

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux
• Windows Server
• Mac OS X Server
 Microsoft Windows Server OS !!!
• Microsoft Windows Server is a series of operating systems designed to run on
servers, which are computers that are dedicated to managing network resources
and providing services to other computers (clients) in the network. Windows
Server is part of the Windows NT family of operating systems and is developed by
Microsoft.
• Development for Windows Server started in the early 1980s
when Microsoft produced two operating system lines: MS-DOS and Windows NT.
Microsoft engineer David Cutler developed the kernel of Windows NT with the
intent to provide speed, security and reliability that large organizations require in a
server operating system.
• Prior to the release of Windows NT, many companies relied on the Unix operating
system that required expensive RISC-based hardware to run file and printing
services. Windows NT had the ability to run on less costly x86 machines.
 What is Windows Server?

Windows Server is a series of operating systems developed by Microsoft that are

designed to provide server functionality. Unlike Windows operating systems
designed for personal computers, Windows Server is specifically built to operate
on servers, which are computers designed to manage network resources, handle
network requests, and provide services to other computers in a network.
Key features of Windows Server include:
Active Directory Domain Services (Active Directory)
DHCP Server
DNS Server
Web Server (IIS)
Hyper-V
Remote Desktop Services
File and Storage Services
Here are some versions of Windows Server that have been released:
• Windows Server 2016: Windows Server 2016 introduced various new features and
improvements, including Nano Server, a lightweight installation option, Hyper-V
enhancements, improved security features, and support for Windows containers.
• Windows Server 2012: Introducing enhancements to virtualization, storage,
networking, and management. It included features such as Storage Spaces, Hyper-V
improvements, and Dynamic Access Control.
• Windows Server 2008: Windows Server was a significant release that introduced
features like Hyper-V virtualization, Remote Desktop Services, Active Directory
enhancements, and improved scalability and performance.
• Windows Server 2003: Windows Server 2003 was a widely used server OS that
provided improvements over its predecessor, Windows 2000 Server. It introduced
features such as Active Directory, enhanced security, and improved administration
tools.
What is Windows Server 2012?

Windows Server 2012 is the most recent version of the operating

system from Microsoft regarding server management, but not the
last one which is Windows Server 2016. Officially it was released on
August 1, 2012, and is just a commercial version as of now.
Windows Server 2012 has four editions − Foundation, Essentials,
Standard, and Datacenter. Each one of them has its own limitations
except the Datacenter version, which is also the most expensive one.
 What is Windows Server 2012 R2?

Windows Server 2012 R2 is an updated version of Windows Server

2012, released by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of
operating systems. The "R2" designation indicates that it is a release
that includes additional features, improvements, and updates over
the original Windows Server 2012. It was unveiled on June 3, 2013, and
released on October 18 of the same year. It is the successor to the
original Windows Server 2012.
Windows Server 2012 R2 is derived from the Windows 8.1 codebase and runs
only on x86-64 processors (64-bit).
Windows Server 2012 R2 was succeeded by Windows
Server 2016.
Virtualization and Data Center Management
 Introduction

Virtual machines (VMs) are a fundamental component of modern computing

environments, providing a way to run multiple operating systems and
applications on a single physical machine. Virtualization technology enables the
creation of virtualized instances that operate independently within isolated
environments. Here's an introduction to virtual machines:
What is a Virtual Machine?
A virtual machine is a software-based emulation of a physical computer. It runs
an operating system (OS) and applications just like a physical machine but
operates within a virtualized.
Popular Virtualization Platforms:
• VMware vSphere/ESXi
• Microsoft Hyper-V
• Oracle VirtualBox
• KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine)
How do VMs work?

Virtualization technology works by creating virtual instances of

computing resources, allowing multiple operating systems and
applications to run independently on a single physical machine. The
hypervisor manages the hardware and separates the physical
resources for the virtual environments. Resources are partitioned as
needed from the physical environment to the VMs.
Overall, virtualization technology enables efficient utilization of
hardware resources, improved flexibility, and simplified
management of server environments.
 Why use a VM?
Virtual machines run like individual computers with individual operating systems and
applications, they have the advantage of remaining completely independent of one
another, and also the physical host machine. A piece of software called a hypervisor, or
VMWare, lets you run different operating systems on different virtual machines at the
same time. This makes it possible to run Linux VMs, for example, on a Windows OS, or
to run an earlier version of Windows on a more current Windows OS.

And, because VMs are independent of each other, they're also extremely portable. You
can move a VM on a hypervisor to another hypervisor on a completely different
machine almost instantaneously.
Virtualization
 VMWare Installations

Steps

• Download VMware Player Software

• After downloading the Player executable, install it by double-clicking
the icon.

• The Windows User Account Control window appears. Select Yes. The
Player Setup screen
VMWare Installations
 VMWare Installations
• The Destination Folder screen appears. Select the destination folder of your choice
by clicking the Change button, or select next to choose the default folder and
continue.
• The Shortcuts Window appears. Uncheck the selection boxes if you do not want the
offered shortcuts created. Choose Next to continue.
• The final acceptance window appears. You can review your selections screen by
screen using the Back button. Choose Continue to install VMware Player.
• VMware Player will be installed, and there will be a series of update screens showing
the progress of the installation. This process will take a few minutes.
• At the completion of the installation, a last screen appears saying the installation is
completed and that you need to reboot your system as a final step. Select Restart
Now to reboot Windows.
• After restarting your Window, Installation complete.
In figure above, The VMware Player main window

Let’s look closer at each of the selections under the File menu. They are

 Create a New Virtual Machine ü Open a Virtual Machine

 Download a Virtual Appliance
 Player Preferences
 Exit
Warning!!!
 How to enable or disable hardware Virtualization
Technology on your computer in BIOS

This document describes how to enable or

disable hardware Virtualization Technology
on your computer in BIOS. Virtualization
Technology allows you to create a virtual IT
infrastructure.
1. Turn on the computer, and then
immediately click F10 to enter BIOS.
2. Under the Security tab, use the up and
down arrows to select USB Security,
and then press Enter. Figure : Select System Security
 3. Use the up and down arrows to select Virtualization Technology
(VTx), then use the left and right arrows to select
either Enabled or Disabled as desired.

Figure : Enable Virtualization Technology (VTx)

4. When you are finished, click F10 to save your changes and exit BIOS.
 Installing Windows on Virtual Machine

Introduction.
Steps
• Open VMware Player.
• Select the Windows Server 2012 R2 virtual machine you created.
• Note that the VM is in a powered off state. You need to tell the VM to boot from the
ISO image, much as a physical server would need the DVD or CD drive to be in the
boot sequence to locate the ISO disks from which you would stage.
 Windows Server 2012 Basic Requirements

As with any Windows Server, Server 2012 R2 has certain requirements

your hardware must meet to run it. It requires a 64-bit processor
because Microsoft discontinued the 32-bit software with the release of
this server.
Your processor frequency must be at least 1.4 GHz. We recommend you
run it on 2.0 GHz or more for best performance.
The minimum requirement for memory is 512 MB RAM. But, we
recommend you've 2 GB RAM or higher for it to run smooth.
When it comes to available disk space, the least amount you need to run
it is 32 GB. However, we recommend that you've 40 GB or more of disk
space available for the system to run better.
To install the Windows Server 2012 R2, you'll need to have a DVD-Rom on your computer,
but in virtual environment you need to have a software as an ISO Image.
 Installation Guidelines

Now that we have everything we need. We can start:

1- Insert the Windows Server 2012 DVD, and once you get
the following message press Enter to boot from the setup
 Installation Guidelines

2- Wait for a while till the setup loads all necessary files (Depending
on your machine, it will take couple of minutes)
 Installation Guidelines
3- Once the setup files are loaded, the setup will start with the following
screen. You can change these to meet your needs (the default values should
be fine for now)
 Installation Guidelines

4- Once you click Next, you can start the installation, click "Install now"
 Installation Guidelines
5- You will see the following screen, wait until it finishes loading
 Installation Guidelines
6- In the following setup screen, you will see four options.
Select Windows Server 2012 Data Center Evaluation (Server With GUI).
 Installation Guidelines
7- After you click Next from previous screen,
Read the License terms, tick the "I accept the license terms" and click Next
 Installation Guidelines
8- Now It will ask you for the drive (or partition) you want to install Windows on.
Here I'm installing it on the one partition I have here. NOTE: This will remove
the content of the partition. Either you create a partition to install windows on,
or you can test this on a testing machine
 Installation Guidelines
9- Now once we picked our partition, clicking on next from previous
screen will start the setup. This process might take a while.
 Installation Guidelines
10- Once the setup is done, it will restart and start your Windows Server
2012 for the first time. It will ask you then to set up a password for the
Administrator user
 Installation Guidelines
11- The setup will finalize your settings, might take a couple of minutes
 Installation Guidelines
12- Once the setup is done, you can log in for the first time to your
Windows Server, as the screen says, press Ctrl+Alt+Delete
to log in, and use the password you set in the setup process
 Installation Guidelines
13 - Once you Log in, Windows Server 2012 will show the Server Manager
Start Menu Options in Server 2012
Open Your Laptop

Practical

LET’S GO