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Lahore Garrison University

STAT 114 Probability & Statistics Week-1 Lecture-1
Semester- Spring 2023
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Prepared by:
MR. ARSHAD HAMEED
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Course Detail:

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Learning Outcomes

Student will able to learn about:

 Basic concepts of statistics and its branches.
 Statistical characteristics of qualitative and quantitative variables.
 Statistical data analysis(descriptive).

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Introduction to Statistics

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What is statistics?

 Statistics is the art of learning from data. It is concerned with the

collection of data, their subsequent description and their analysis,
which often leads to the drawing of conclusions.
 Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with data collection, organization, analysis,
interpretation and presentation.

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Branches of Statistics

Note: Because a sample is typically only a part of the whole population, sample data provide only
limited information about the population. As a result, sample statistics are generally imperfect
representatives of the corresponding population parameters.
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Data

 The measurements obtained in a research study are called the data.

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Quantitative and Qualitative Data

 Data is quantitative if the observations or measurements made on a

given variable of a sample or population have numerical values.

Example: height, weight, number of children, blood pressure,

current, voltage.
 Data is qualitative if words, groups and categories represents the
observations or measurements.

Example: colors, yes-no answers, blood group

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Variables

 A variable is a characteristic or condition that can change from

individual to individual.
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Population and Sample

 The entire group of individuals is called the population.

 Usually populations are so large that a researcher cannot examine
the entire group. Therefore, a sample is selected to represent the
population in a research study. The goal is to use the results
obtained from the sample to help answer questions about the
population.

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Statistical Data Analysis.

 Statistical data analysis is a procedure of performing various statistical operations. It is

a kind of quantitative research, which seeks to quantify the data, and typically, applies
some form of statistical analysis. Quantitative data basically involves descriptive data,
such as survey data and observational data.

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Q &A

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References

 Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists by Ronald E. Walpole,

Raymond H. Myers, Sharon L. Myers and Keying E. Ye, Pearson; 9th Edition
(January 6, 2011). ISBN-10: 0321629116 2
 Walpole, P.E., Myers R.H., Myers S.L. (1998), “Probability and Statistics for
Engineers and Scientists”, 7th Ed. Prentice Hall.

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