ECHINOCOCCOSIS

Tumatao,R.,Branca, W., Roilo, Jenyl V.,Canaliso, C., Romero,A.

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MICROSCOPE
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BACTERIA
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ANTIBIOTIC
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TAPEWORM
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CYST
A. Definitions

ECHINOCOCCOSIS
-is a parasitic disease caused
by infection with tiny
tapeworms of the
Echinocococcus
granulous(Cystic disease) or
Echinococcus Multilocularis
( alveolar echinococcosis).
A. Definitions

ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOUS (Cystic disease)

-is the most common form of
echinococcosis,
characterized by the
foramation of large, fluid-
filled cysts, in various organs
most commonly the liver,
lungs and kidneys.
 A. Definitions

Echinococcus Multilocularis (alveolar echinococcosis)

-is a more serious formof
disease that can spread
throughout the body and
destroy health tissues.
Symptoms
ECHINOCOCCOSIS
Abdominal pain
Weight loss
Jaundice
Fatigue
Cough
Shortness of breath
B. Classification of Infections

Portal of • Mouth
entry

• Cystic echinococcosis:most common type of

Echinococcosis, with an incubation period of months to

Incubation
years.

• Alveolar echinococcosis: A more rare and serious form

period of Echinococcosis, with an incubation period of 5 to 15
years.
 Reservoir
Definitive hosts

Egg Contamination

• Source of Intermediate hosts

infection
Human transmission

Occupational exposure

Geographical factors
C.Modes of transmission

a. Direct •This occurs when you come into direct

contact with the eggs of the tapeworm.
contact
b. Indirect •This occurs when you come into contact with
something that has been contaminated with the
Contact eggs of the tapeworm

C. Airborne •In these cases, it is thought that the eggs of

theEchinococcustapeworm were aerosolized and
Transmission then inhaled into the lungs.

 The most common way to ingest

d.Injestion echinococcosis eggs
contaminated food or water
is through
C.Modes of transmission

e.Inocula •is the process of introducing

theechinococcosisparasite into the body
through a break in the skin or mucous
tion membrane.

f.Transplacen •is the transmission of

theechinococcosisparasite from an infected
talinfection mother to her fetus during pregnancy.

g.Latrogen •is the transmission of

theechinococcosisparasite from an
icinfection infected healthcare worker to a patient.
C.Mechanism of Pathogenicity
D. Mechanism of pathogenicity

The infection cycle begins when humans ingest the

1. Ingestion eggs of Echinococcus tapeworms, which are typically
ofTaeniaformEggs found in the feces of infected definitive hosts, suchas
dogs, foxes, and wolves.

2. Hatching Once ingested, the Echinococcus eggs hatch in the

small intestine, releasing oncospheres, which are the
andOncosphere infective form of the parasite.

The oncospheres preferentially lodge in the liver and

3.Cyst lungs, where they develop into fluid-filled cysts.
Formation These cysts, also known as hydatid cysts, can grow
slowly over many years, reaching up to 1 liter in size

4. Antigenic
Modulation The parasite employs various mechanisms to evade
the host's immune system and establish a chronic
andImmuneEvasion
infection.
D. Mechanism of pathogenicity

5.ImmuneSup The parasite also produces molecules that suppress

the host's immune response, allowing it to persist
ression within the cysts.

6. Mechanical As the cysts grow, they can cause mechanical damage

Damage and to the surrounding tissues, leading to various
Complications complications depending on the location of the cyst.

7. Dissemination In some cases, the cyst walls may rupture, releasing

protoscolices, which are immature forms of the
and Secondary Cysts parasite.

8. Transmission to The definitive host cycle is completed when

Definitive Host humans or other intermediate hosts consume
infected animal tissues containing
protoscolices.
E. Mode of exit -feces of infected definitive
hosts
 Effective public health measures, such as:

Deworming programs for definitive hosts, particularly dogs

and foxes.

Proper sanitation practices to prevent fecal contamination of

food and water sources.

Education and awareness campaigns to promote safe

handling of animals and meat products.

Surveillance and monitoring of Echinococcus cases in animal

populations to identify and control outbreaks .
The end, Thank
You !!!