Applications of Information and

Communication Technology

Instructor :- Muhammad Irfan
 Computer for Individual Use

 Most computers are meant to be used by only one
person at a time. Such computers are often shared by
several people (such as those in your school's
computer lab), but only one user can work with the
machine at any given moment.
 Desktop Computer

 The most common type of personal computer is the
desktop computer. It is a PC that is designed to sit on
a desk or a table.

 It is being used by everyone from preschoolers to

nuclear physicists as well as desktop computers are
indispensable for learning, working as well as
playing.
 Workstation

 A workstation is a specialized personal computer. It
is single user which has more power and features
than a standard PC.
 These machines are popular among scientists,
engineers, and animators who need a system with
greater-than-average speed and the power to
perform sophisticated tasks
 Notebook Computer

 Notebook computers, as their name implies, approximate
the shape of an 8.5-by-11-inch notebook and easily fit inside
a briefcase. Because people frequently set these devices on
their lap, they are also called laptop computers.
 Notebook computer can be operated by both alternating
current and direct current by battery.
 It is a fully functional microcomputer or personal
computer. People who need the power of a full size desktop
computer wherever they go outside, use notebook.
 Handheld computer

 Handheld personal computers are computing devices
small enough to fit in your hand. A popular type of
handheld computer is the personal digital assistant
(PDA).
 Personal digital assistant (PDA) is a handheld computer
and popularly known as a palmtop. It has a touch screen
and a memory card for storage of data. PDAs can also be
used as portable audio players, web browsers and
smartphones. Most of them can access the Internet by
means of Bluetooth or Wi-Fi communication.
 Continue

 A personal digital assistant (PDA) is no larger than a
small appointment book and is normally used for
special applications, such as taking notes, displaying
telephone numbers and addresses, and keeping track
of dates or agendas. Many PDAs can be connected to
larger computers to exchange data. Most PDAs come
with a pen that lets the user write on the screen.
 Smartphone

 Smartphones which are the most uses personal
computers now a days. There are hardly a person
who has not a smartphone.
 Smartphone is the smallest types of PC now a days.
Almost everyone have a smartphone today by which
a man can connect to the internet.
Computer for Organizations


The computers meant to be used in an
organization may be classified follows:
Network Servers
Mainframe Computers
Minicomputers
Supercomputers
 Network Servers

 Network server is very common types of computer
for organizations. Today, most organizations
network are based on personal computers.
 Individual users have their own desktop computers
and it is connected to one or more centralized
computers called network server.
 A network server is usually a powerful personal
computer with special software and equipment that
enable it to function as the primary computer in the
network.
 Mainframe computer

 Mainframe computer is also a common types
of computer for organizations such as insurance
companies and banks, where many people
frequently need to use the same data.
 In a traditional mainframe environment, each user
accesses the mainframe’s resources through a device
called a terminal.
 Types of terminal in mainframe
computer

 a. Dumb terminal
 Dumb terminal does not process or store data. It is
simply an input/output device that functions as a
window into a computer located somewhere else.
 b. Intelligent terminal
 Intelligent terminal can perform some processing
operations but it usually does not have any storage.
 Microcomputers

 Microcomputers are another very common types
of computer for organizations which are first
released in the 1960s.
 Microcomputer got their name because of their small
size compared to other computers of the day.
 
 The capabilities of microcomputer are somewhere
between those of mainframes and personal computers.
 For this, microcomputers are often called midrange
computers.
 Like mainframe computers, microcomputers can
handle much more input and output than personal
computes can.
 The most powerful microcomputers can serve the input
and output needs of hundreds of users at a time.
 Supercomputers

 Supercomputers are the most powerful types
of computers for organization and physically they
are the largest types of computer for organizations.
 These systems can process huge amounts of data, and
the fastest supercomputers can perform more than
one trillion calculations per second.
 A supercomputer can house thousands of processors.
 Supercomputers are ideal for handling large and
highly complex problems that require extreme
calculating power.
 Computers in Society

 Computers are now a fact of life. Computers have created a very
effective information system to help streamline the management of
an organization. This makes it a much needed tool for every
business, banking, government, entertainment, daily life, industry,
education, and administration. It can be said of all large
organizations, whether the department government or private, use
a computer for a variety of their daily business and it is the fastest
growing industries in the world today. Each organization usually
has one or more large computer systems and a number of
microcomputer. The system is a great computer for data processing
tasks, while many small microcomputer to use as word processing.
Computers have become part of our lives is essential. In general,
the use of computers can be divided into several groups.
 Online banking

 Online banking is a banking transaction system that
allows the bank customers to handle account
management and conduct a range of financial
transactions via the Internet, rather than visiting a
branch.
 Online banking allows users to make bill payments,
view account details, open a new account, money
transfers, pre-authorized payments, e-transfer, apply
for loans, etc.
 Entertainment

 Computers are used in a variety of areas for
entertainment purposes, such as videos, movies,
television, music, photo editing, and art (for
example, paintings, pictures, poetry, etc., are just a
click away).
 Computer games

 Some intelligence games are specially developed to
improve a user’s cognitive abilities and boost
thinking power and mental capability.
Computers in education

 The uses of computers in education are plentiful, such as:
 Distance education
 Online courses, programs, and degrees
 Online training resources
 eLearning
 Computer aided teaching and learning. This includes
research, school work, storage of information, quick data
processing, audio-visual aids in teaching, better presentation
of information (PowerPoint, Moodle, smart-boards, etc.),
entering and viewing grades online, quick communication
between students and instructors, etc.
 Computers in business

 Computer can help a business start, run, manage,
and grow. Computers can be used in business for:
 Marketing and advertising
 Storage, archiving, and order fulfillment
 Budgeting and forecasting
 Customer relationship management
 e-commerce
 And more
 Computers in healthcare

 Computers play a crucial role in the healthcare field, such as:
 Storing medical and patient data
 Managing appointments with doctors
 Medical imaging and equipment. This includes X-rays, CT scans, MRI
scans (Magnetic Resonance Imaging—it can produce a detailed body
image), etc.
 Patient monitoring
 Computer-controlled surgeries
 Diagnostic databases (create a database of a patient records with their
treatment and medicine records)
 Medical research
 Blood testing (take blood samples and analyze the results with
computer)
 Computers in
science/engineering

 Computers play a critical role in science/engineering
because today is a world of computers.
 Research
 Design (prototype)
 Modelling
 Simulate experiments
 Record, organize, and analysis data
 Report/communication