GROUP 4

Basic Electronics
WHAT IS BASIC ELECTRONICS?

Basic Electronics refers to the fundamental principles, components, and

circuits that form the foundation of electronic systems. It represents the
study of understanding of electronic devices, and their applications.
The Components of Electronic
Circuits
Resistors

Capacitors

Diodes

Transistors

Integrated Circuits
Resistors

A resistor is an electronic component that

limits or controls the flow of electric
current in a circuit. It is characterized by
its resistance, measured in ohms (Ω), and
is used to manage the voltage and current
levels in electronic circuits. Resistors are
essential for adjusting signal levels,
dividing voltages, and controlling the
amount of current flowing through a
component.
 Capacitators
A capacitor is an electronic component that stores and releases electrical energy
in a circuit. It consists of two conductive plates separated by an insulating
material. When voltage is applied across the plates, it creates an electric field,
allowing the capacitor to store charge. Capacitors are used for various purposes,
including smoothing power supply voltage, filtering signals, and timing in
electronic circuits.
 Diodes
A diode is a semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction only. It
consists of two layers of semiconductor material, typically p-type and n-type,
creating a junction. Diodes are commonly used to rectify AC (alternating current) to
DC (direct current), protect circuits from reverse voltage, and serve in various
electronic applications due to their unidirectional current flow property.
Transistors
A transistor is a semiconductor device that acts as an electronic switch or
amplifier. It has three layers of semiconductor material—emitter, base, and
collector. By controlling the flow of electrical current between the emitter and
collector terminals through a small current at the base terminal, transistors
can amplify signals or act as on/off switches in electronic circuits.
 Integrated Circuits
An integrated circuit (IC) is a miniaturized assembly of electronic components, such
as transistors, resistors, and capacitors, fabricated on a single semiconductor
substrate. It serves as a compact and efficient unit for performing specific electronic
functions, contributing to the miniaturization and integration of electronic devices.
Power Supplies and Voltage Regulation

1 Power Supplies

2 Voltage Regulation

3 Current Control
Power Supplies
A power supply is a device or circuit that
converts electrical energy from a source (such
as an outlet or battery) into a form suitable for
powering electronic devices. It provides a
controlled and stable voltage and current to
ensure proper operation of connected
components within an electronic system.
 Voltage Regulation
Voltage regulation refers to the ability of a power supply or electrical system to
maintain a stable and constant output voltage, despite variations in input voltage
or changes in the load. It ensures that the voltage provided to electronic devices
remains within specified limits, preventing potential damage and ensuring proper
operation. Voltage regulation is crucial in maintaining the reliability and
performance of electronic circuits and devices.
 Current Control
Current control refers to the regulation or adjustment of the electric current
flowing through a circuit. It involves managing the amount of current to
maintain it within desired limits, preventing overloads or ensuring a specific
level of current for proper operation of electronic components. This control is
often achieved using devices like resistors, transistors, or specialized circuits to
manage and limit the flow of electric current in a controlled manner.
Amplifiers and Oscillators
Amplifier is a circuit that increases the power of a signal
by increasing its voltage, current, or both. This
amplification is crucial in various electronic applications,
such as audio systems, communication devices, and other
situations where a stronger signal is needed for proper
functioning or transmission.

Oscillator on the other hand, is a circuit that produce a

repetitive electronic signal, often used for timing or clock
signals in electronic systems.
Applications of Basic Electronics
1.Consumer Electronics: Basic electronics is integral to everyday devices like radios, TVs,
smartphones, and household appliances, enhancing entertainment and convenience.
2.Industrial Applications: Used in manufacturing processes, automation, and control systems,
optimizing efficiency and precision in industrial settings.
3.Medical Devices: Powering diagnostic equipment, monitoring devices, and medical instruments,
contributing to advancements in healthcare technology.
4.Communication Systems: Forms the foundation of telecommunications, enabling the functioning
of phones, routers, and other communication devices.
5.Computing Devices: Essential for computers and peripherals, supporting information processing,
storage, and data transfer.
6.Renewable Energy Systems: Applied in electronic components of solar panels, wind turbines, and
energy storage systems, contributing to sustainable power generation.
7.Automotive Electronics: Integral to modern vehicles, controlling engine functions, safety systems,
entertainment, and navigation.
8.Aerospace and Defense: Utilized in aircraft navigation, communication systems, radar, and
defense technologies for reliable and secure operations.
Troubleshooting and Maintenance
Diagnostic techniques in basic electronics involve systematic approaches to identify and troubleshoot
issues in electronic circuits. Some key techniques include:

1.Visual Inspection: Check for loose connections, damaged components, or burnt areas on
the circuit board.
2.Multimeter Measurements: Use a multimeter to measure voltage, current, and resistance
at various points in the circuit to identify abnormalities.
3.Signal Tracing: Follow the flow of signals through the circuit to pinpoint where the signal
might be disrupted.
4.Substitution Testing: Replace suspected faulty components with known good ones to
isolate the problematic element.
5.Continuity Testing: Verify the continuity of conductive paths in the circuit to ensure
unbroken connections.
Troubleshooting and Maintenance
Diagnostic techniques in basic electronics involve systematic approaches to identify and troubleshoot
issues in electronic circuits. Some key techniques include:

6.Thermal Imaging: Detect overheating components using thermal imaging to identify

potential issues.
7.Documentation Review: Refer to circuit diagrams and documentation to ensure correct
component values and connections.
8.Step-by-Step Analysis: Break down the circuit into segments, testing each part
individually to locate the specific area of malfunction.
Troubleshooting and Maintenance
Preventive maintenance in basic electronics is important for several reasons:

1.Reliability: Regular maintenance helps prevent unexpected failures, ensuring the

reliability of electronic systems. This is particularly important in critical applications
where downtime is costly.
2.Extended Lifespan: Timely maintenance can prolong the lifespan of electronic
components and systems, reducing the frequency of replacements and overall lifecycle
costs.
3.Performance Optimization: Regular checks and cleaning can help optimize the
performance of electronic equipment, ensuring that they operate at their best efficiency.
4.Safety Assurance: Maintenance activities often include checking for potential safety
hazards such as exposed wires, faulty connections, or overheating components, thereby
reducing the risk of accidents.
5.Cost Savings: Preventive maintenance is cost-effective compared to reactive repairs.
Identifying and addressing issues early can prevent more extensive damage and costly
repairs.
Troubleshooting and Maintenance
Preventive maintenance in basic electronics is important for several reasons:

6. Consistent Quality: In industrial applications, maintaining consistent performance is

critical. Preventive maintenance helps uphold quality standards by preventing
variations in electronic system output.
7. Energy Efficiency: Well-maintained electronics are often more energy-efficient.
Regular checks ensure that components are operating optimally, reducing energy
waste and associated costs.
8. Documentation and Records: Establishing a maintenance schedule creates a record
of the equipment's history, making it easier to track changes, identify patterns of
failure, and plan future maintenance activities.
9. Compliance: In certain industries, adherence to regulatory standards and compliance
requirements is essential. Regular maintenance helps ensure that electronic systems
meet these standards.
10. Customer Satisfaction: Whether in consumer electronics or industrial applications,
preventive maintenance contributes to the overall satisfaction of end-users by
minimizing disruptions and ensuring consistent performance.
 THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

GROUP MEMBERS:
CHRIS JERICHO LUMBAO
WENCY MACEDA
GIAN LOVENDINO
JOSHUA OGAO
GIAN REDILLAS
JOSHUA JINTALAN
IAN LANSANGAN
ANGELICA OBING