ORGANIZATION

AND
MANAGEMENT
 Let’s Hit the
Springboard!
Short Story
THREE FISH LIVED IN A POND. ONE WAS NAMED “PLANNED
AHEAD”, ANOTHER WAS “THINK FAST” AND THE THIRD
ONE WAS NAMED “WAIT AND SEE”.
ONE DAY THEY HEARD A FISHERMAN SAY THAT HE WOULD
BE GOING TO CAST HIS NET IN THEIR POND THE NEXT DAY.
“PLANNED AHEAD” SAID, “I AM SWIMMING DOWN THE
RIVER TONIGHT”.
“THINK FAST” SAID, “I AM SURE I WILLCOME UP WITH A
PLAN”.
“WAIT AND SEE” LAZILY SAID, “I JUST CAN’T THINK ABOUT
IT NOW”.
 WHEN THE FISHERMAN CAST HIS NETS “PLANNED AHEAD” WAS ABLE TO ESCAPE FROM HIS NET, BUT “THINK FAST” AND “WAIT AND SEE”
WERE CAUGHT BY THE FISHERMAN.
“THINK FAST” QUICKLY ROLLED HIS BELLY UP AND PRETEND TO BE DEAD.
“OH THIS FISH IS NO GOOD!“ SAID THE FISHERMAN AND THREW HIM SAFELY BACK INTO THE WATER. HOWEVER, “WAIT AND SEE” ENDED UP
IN THE FISH MARKET.
 Jumbled letters
NINGLANP
VELEL
SEPTY
 UNLOCKING
OF
DIFFICULTIES
 PLANNING - Planning is the process of thinking before doing.
TYPES – Category used to identify or describe a characteristics.
LEVEL – Position in terms of Management.
 THE NATURE AND
LEVELS OF PLANNING
AND TYPES OF PLANS
 Objectives:
• Identify the levels of planning and types of Plan.
• Demonstrate levels of planning and types of plans in
real life situation.
• Appreciate the importance of planning, its level and
types.
 DEFINITION OF PLANNING

• Planning is the process of thinking before doing.

• This is also considered as a conceptual framework of
management.
• It is the most basic of all managerial functions.
• The process by which managers establish goal, define
methods and think of strategies by which these goals
are to be attained.
What is the nature of planning?
Planning is not an easy task; it involves intellectual thinking and mental activity to be able
to plan effectively. The nature of planning can be highlighted as follows:

Planning is goal oriented. A manager cannot do planning unless the goal is specified. Every
step specifies an action plan to be able to attain the desire goal.
Planning is futuristic in nature. Planning means looking ahead.
Planning exists in all managerial activities. It is the primary function of managers at all
levels.
Planning is not a guess word. It is based on facts and information.
Planning is flexible. It is dynamic in a process capable of adjustments by the need and
requirements of the situation.
Significance of Planning in Management

• Planning can help managers improve their

decision making skills.
• It allows them to focus on a goal and create
different courses of action that can help their
team achieve this goal.
• It can also help them make informed decisions
about what activities their team will prioritize.
 Components of PLANS?

• Goals represent an end statement, the targets, and

results that managers hope to achieve.

• Action plans represent by which an organization goes

ahead to attain its goals.

 LEVELS OF PLANNING

Important part that is carried out

in three distinct levels namely
functional, business and corporate
levels.
1. Corporate Level
An organization’s overall strategic direction is normally
planned at the corporate level. Planning at the
corporate level as point out is carried out by a senior
leadership within an organization.

A leader in this case provides a mission and a vision

which is duly needed in the organization towards
accomplishing the set goals and objectives.
2. Business Level
At business level, stated that all businesses
enterprises can be classified under certain organizations
that work within certain industries. These businesses
develop strategies which work at their level and that
which reflect their current position and the amount of
resources they have or need in respect to the
competitive environment they are operating.
3. Functional Level
The functional level of planning concentrates on support
functions which are owned by a business enterprise. The support
functions include human resources, manufacturing, marketing
and finance departments. At the functional level, strategies are
explained, a consideration which strengthens overall corporate
and business strategies.
Individuals in an organization count on goals and events
planned by their leaders to align to and make impacts towards the
success of attaining set objectives.
Must be achieved within a given period of time.
THREE MANAGEMENT
LEVELS:
Top-level managers
Middle-level managers
Low-level managers
 TOP- LEVEL MANAGERS
Part of the succession planning for high potential management trainees.
Set goals and lead the entire company to achieve the goals set.
 MIDDLE-LEVEL MANAGERS
Execute organizational plans in conformance with the company policies and objectives
 LOWER-LEVEL MANAGERS
Focus on controlling and directing
Responsible for the daily management
of line workers of the employees
Supervise and monitor daily activities
to ensure quality of work and
production
 TYPES OF PLANS
Planning is a part of management concerned with creating
procedures, rules and guidelines for achieving a stated objective.
Planning is carried out, and managers need to create broad
objectives and mission statements as well.
1. Strategic Plan – a strategic plan is a high-level
overview of the entire business, its vision, mission,
corporate objectives, and values. This plan is the
foundational basis of the organization and will form
part of the long-term decision. The scope of the plan
can be two, three, five or even ten years.
 2. Tactical Plan – describes the tactics the organization plans to use to achieve the ambitions outlined in the strategic
plan. It is a short range, say less than one year, a low-level document that breaks own broader mission statements into
smaller, actionable chunks.
 3. Operational Plan – the operational plan
describes the day to day running of the
company. The operational plan charts out a road
map to achieve the tactical goals within the
timeframe. This plan is highly specific with an
emphasis on short-term objectives.
Creating the operational plan is the
responsibility of the low-level managers and
supervisors. An operational plan can be either
single or ongoing.
 4. Contingency Plan - Contingency
plans are prepared when something
unforeseen occurs or when something
needs to be modified. Business experts
sometimes refer to these plans as a
special type of planning.
Planning is very crucial for business success. It is impossible to reach a goal with no planning.
Of course, planning alone will not produce result, you need to work for it to be successful.
Application
Student will be given different situation and must perform the task of planning using the levels and types of planning in the given scenarios.
(20 points)
1. Planning for a vacation
2. Planning for a Career/Future
3. Plan as a Grade 12 Student
4. Plan in applying a job
 Creating a Plan Rubrics
GOAL - SMART 4- Excellent 3- Good 2 – Fair 1 – needs
improvement
Specific Have a focus and clear goal Have quite focused Have set a goal at the No goals set
and clear goal very beginning
Measurable Included numbers in included some Have included Not included number
frequency in writing the numbers in frequency numbers but of frequency in
actions in writing the actions numbers are not writing
cleared

Attainable The goal is very likely to be The goal is quite likely The goal is likely to be The goal is not likely
achieved to be achieved achieved to be achieved
Relevant Actions are useful and Actions are quite Actions are based on Actions are not useful
workable based on facts useful and workable facts but may not be and workable
based on facts useful and workable
Time-bounded Have set a clear time frame Have set a quite time Have time frame and No time frame and
or deadline frame or deadline deadline but not clear deadline
Evaluation
Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the
best answer. Write your answer in a ¼ sheet of paper.

1.Which of the following is INCORRECT?

A. planning is the part of the management process that attempts
to define the organization’s future
b. the approach to planning can differ greatly from manager to
manager planning is a onetime event
c. planning is thinking out in advance the sequence of actions to
accomplish a proposed course of action
2.What are the two basic components of planning?
A.goals and decisions C. plans and decision
b.goals and plans D. goals and actions
3.“Planning is deciding in advance, what is to be done; that is a
plan is a projected course of action.”
A. The statement is false C. The statement is neither true or false
B. The statement is true D. All Of The Above
4.Questions such as “What is our business?” and “Who is the
customer?” are generally answered in a company’s?
A.Vision C. Objective
B.Mission D. Values
5.What are the three levels of planning?
A. corporate, business, functional C. low, middle, high
B. central, regional, divisional D. high, average, below1
Answer
 Assignment:
Research on the appropriate planning techniques and tools.
Any Question?