1. Sociolinguistics yokes sociology with linguistics, studying the relationship between language and society.
2. Linguistic codes are acceptable forms of communication in every society. Sociolinguistics examines how society influences language use and how language variation provides information about communities and social roles.
3. The focus of sociolinguistics is on how society affects language use, while the sociology of language focuses on how language impacts society. Variation in language across regions and social groups can reveal information about speakers' places of origin and roles.
Original Description:
some common questions can be asked in the final examination.
1. Sociolinguistics yokes sociology with linguistics, studying the relationship between language and society.
2. Linguistic codes are acceptable forms of communication in every society. Sociolinguistics examines how society influences language use and how language variation provides information about communities and social roles.
3. The focus of sociolinguistics is on how society affects language use, while the sociology of language focuses on how language impacts society. Variation in language across regions and social groups can reveal information about speakers' places of origin and roles.
1. Sociolinguistics yokes sociology with linguistics, studying the relationship between language and society.
2. Linguistic codes are acceptable forms of communication in every society. Sociolinguistics examines how society influences language use and how language variation provides information about communities and social roles.
3. The focus of sociolinguistics is on how society affects language use, while the sociology of language focuses on how language impacts society. Variation in language across regions and social groups can reveal information about speakers' places of origin and roles.
linguistics. a. society b. linguistics c. grammar 2. What kind of codes are acceptable for communication and interaction in every society? + Linguistic codes are acceptable for communication and interaction in every society. a. linguistic b. social c. technical 3. Is language by its nature a natural phenomenon? + No, it isn’t. It is totally a social phenomenon.
a. No b. Yes c. No information 4. What does sociolinguistics have to do with?
+ Sociolinguistics has to do with language use
and a society’s response to it. 5. What does sociology investigate?
+ Sociology investigates the individual and
social variation of language. 6. What can regional/ individual variation of language give a lot of information about? + Regional/ individual variation of language can give a lot of information about the place the speaker is from. a. language b. community c. place 7. What does social variation of language tell us about? + Social variation of language tells us about the roles performed by a given speaker within one community. a. career b. roles c. education 8. What is the focus of sociolinguistics? + The focus of sociolinguistics is the effect of society on the language. a. the effect of society on the language b. the effect of education on the language c. the effect of authority on the language 9. What does the sociology of language focus on? + The sociology of language focuses on the language’s effect on the society. a. the language’s effect on the education. b. the language’s effect on the society. c. the language’s effect on the religion. 10. What is one of the most noticeable features characterizing some regional feature of a language? + One of the most easily noticeable features characterising some regional feature of a language is most certainly accent. a. place b. accent c. movement 11. What is accent frequently confused with? + Accent is frequently confused with the term dialect which denotes aspects of pronunciation together with words and syntax slightly different from the standard variety. 12. In which situation does diglossia refer to? + Diglossia refers to such a linguistic situation, when one variety of language is considered more prestigious and one move vernacular, but both are in use depending on situation. 13. What are other factors influencing language change apart from regional variations of a language? + Apart from regional variations of a language within the boundaries of a country or speech community, there are other factors, which are foreign languages, social and political factors, influencing language change. 14. What is a pidgin? + A pidgin, or a contact language, is a mixture of two other languages, created usually because of trading purposes between peoples who do not share a common means of communication. 15. What is the next stage of development for pidgin with different grammatical features? + Creole is the next stage of development for pidgin with different grammatical features. a. creole b. dialect c. genre 16. What is the process of the development of a pidgin into a creole called? + The process of the development of a pidgin into a creole is called creolisation. a. decreolisation b. creolisation c. processing 17. What are two processes stimulating further change of a language ? + Creolisation and decreolisation are two processes stimulating further change of a language 18. What is a variety of a language?
+ A variety of a language is a form that differs
from other forms of the language systematically and coherently. 19. What can varieties be distinguished by? + Varieties such as dialects, idiolects, and sociolects can be distinguished, not only by their vocabulary, but also by differences in grammar, phonology and prosody. 20. What is one example for illustrating that variety can be distinguished by differences in grammar? + Certain professional registers such as legalese show a variation in grammar from the standard language. 21. What can the concept of language varieties in general, and language register in particular, be of great help in? + The concept of language varieties in general, and language registers in particular, can be of great help in translating as well as in evaluating translations. 22. Why is it useful sometimes to refer to considerations of register? + It will be useful sometimes to refer to considerations of register since the concept of a “whole language” is so broad and therefore rather loose, it is not altogether useful for many linguistic purposes, whether descriptive or comparative. 23. Why is it necessary to have varieties?
+ Because the need arises for a scientific
classification of sub-language or varieties within the total range of one language. 24. What is the first way of classifying language varieties according to?
+ Dialects are the first way of classifying
language varieties according to geographical dispersion, and standard and substandard English as varieties within different ranges of education and social position. 25. What is the second way of classifying language varieties according to?
+ Language registers are the second way of
classifying language varieties according to different subject matters. 26. What is another way of classifying language varieties according to?
+ Another way of classifying language varieties is
according to the user or the use of language. 27. What do the language varieties have in common?
+ The language varieties of any given language
have certain linguistic features in common. 28. What do the common features of all the varieties of one language constitute ?
+ These common features of all the varieties of
one language constitute the common core of that language. 29. What are the markers of the language variety?
+ The markers of the language variety are on
any level: phonetic, syntactical, stylistic and, above all, lexical. 30. What is a variety of a language ?
+ It is a form that differs from other forms of
the language. 31. Which types of variety presupposes the presence of the interlocutor, the spoken or written variety? + It is the spoken variety. - __________ presupposes the presence of the interlocutor. a. the spoken variety b. the written variety c. Both a and b 32. What factors make the spoken language have a considerable advantage over the written language? + They are human voice and all kinds of gestures, which give additional information. - _______ make the spoken language have a considerable advantage over the written language a. human voice b. all kinds of gestures c. Both a and b 33. What is the written language more than the spoken language?
+ It is more carefully organized, more
explanatory, and more deliberate in word choice than the spoken language. 34. Why does the spoken language vanish after having fulfilled its purpose of communicating the thought? + The spoken language vanishes after having fulfilled its purpose of communicating the thought because it is spontaneous, momentary. - The spoken language is _________. a. spontaneous b. momentary c. Both a and b 35. Is the spoken language able to live with the idea it expresses? + No, it isn’t. The written language is able to live forever with the idea it expresses. - _________is able to live forever with the idea it expresses. a. The written language b. The spoken language c. Both a and b 36. How does the spoken language differ from the written language ?
+ The spoken language differs from the written
language phonetically, morphologically, lexically and syntactically. 37. What is the most striking difference between the spoken and written languages ?
+ The most striking difference between the
spoken and written languages is in the vocabulary used. 38. What kinds of words does the spoken language widely use? + The spoken language widely uses intensifying words. - The spoken language widely uses _________. a. euphemizing words b. intensifying words c. modal words 39. What is the essential difference between the spoken and written varieties reflected in?
+ It is reflected in the syntactical structure.
- The essential difference between the spoken and written varieties is reflected in _______. a. the lexical context b. the phonetic environment c. the syntactical structure 40. What does the spoken language use to indicate the grammatical meaning in questions? + It uses intonation to indicate the grammatical meaning in questions. - The spoken language uses _______ to indicate the grammatical meaning in questions. a. intonation b. stress c. pronunciation 41. What does speech acts and speech events relate to in society?
+ They relate to language performance in
society. - Speech acts and speech events relate to _________ in society a. Language performance b. grammatical performance c. speaker’s meaning 42. What are speech acts ?
+ They are utterances that involve both
language and social information. 43. Where and when does every speech have the function to perform? + Every speech has the function to perform in the place and time of usage. - Every speech has the function to perform in the place and time of ______. a. Report b. usage c. repetition 44. What are the four important categories of speech acts?
They are locutionary acts, illocutionary acts,
perlocutionary acts and propositional acts.
45. What are illocutionary acts central to ?
+ They are central to communication.
- Illocutionary acts are central to ________. a. Performance b. information c. communication 46. What do speech events relate to ?
+ They relate to social interactional events.
47. What is setting?
+ It is the situation where interaction takes
place. 48. What norms do they have to do with ?
+ They have to do with the reactions given to
the thing being communicated. 49. What does genre have to do with?
+ It has to do with the process of
communication. 50. What do speech acts and speech events account for in the society?
+ They account for the ways that language is put
to use by individual in the society. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Sociolinguistics is …… a. a discipline that yokes society with linguistics. b. a discipline that yokes sociology with linguistics. c. a discipline that yokes socio with linguistics. 2. Every society has linguistic codes ……. a. acceptable for communication and interaction. b. acceptable for communication and sociology. c. acceptable for linguistics and interaction. 3. Language by its nature is …… a. totally a grammatical phenomenon. b. totally a lexical phenomenon. c. totally a social phenomenon. 4. Sociolinguistics has to do with …. a. language use and a society’s phenomenon to it. b. language use and a society’s response to it. c. language and a society’s response to it. GOOD LUCK!