MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCY
Use the mole concept to express mass of
substances.
OBJECTIVES
1.Solve problem involving mass, mole and
number of particles.
2.Determine/calculate the molecular/formula
mass of a given compounds.
RECALL
Mole
The mole (mol) is the amount of a substance that
contains as many elementary entities as there
are atoms in exactly 12.00 grams of 12C
1 mole = 6.022 x 1023
Avogadro’s number (NA) =6.022 x 1023
3.2
The SI symbol is mol. The number that one mole
represents is expressed as follows:
1 mol = 6.022 x1023 particles
Such particles could be an atoms ( for elements),
molecules ( for covalent compounds), formula
units ( for ionic compounds) or ions ( for
charged substances)
Atomic Mass and Molar
Mass
Atomic mass is the mass of one atom
of an element and usually expressed
in atomic mass units (amu).
Molar mass is the mass of one mole
of an element of an element or a
compound, expressed in grams per
mole ( g/mol).
For an element, its molar mass is
numerically equal to its atomic mass. To
illustrate:
mass of one atom of silver = 108 amu
molar mass of silver = 108 g/mol
One mole of a certain element implies two
things:
1. The atomic mass expressed in amu
is different for each element.
For any element atomic mass = molar mass
2. Avogadro’s number of atoms is the same for
all the elements.
1 mol of C = 12.01 g
1 mol of O = 16.00 g
1 mol of Na = 22.99 g
1 mol of Hg = 200.6 g
1 mol of C = 6.02 X 1023 atoms
1 mol of O = 6.02 X 1023 atoms
1 mol of Na = 6.02 X 1023 atoms
1 mol of Hg = 6.02 X 1023 atoms
The notions of Avogadro’s number and molar mass
enable us to carry out conversions between mass and
moles of atoms and between the number of atoms and
mass and calculate the mass of single atom.
1 mol X =1
molar mass of X
1 mol X =1
6.022 X 1023 atoms
NOT
molar mass of X
6.022 X 1023 atoms
MOLAR MASS OF
COMPOUNDS
Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the sum of
the atomic masses (in amu) in a molecule.
1S 32.07 amu
2O + 2 x 16.00 amu
SO2 SO2 64.07 amu
For any molecule
molecular mass (amu) = molar mass (grams)
1 molecule SO2 = 64.07 amu
1 mole SO2 = 64.07 g SO2
3.3
Formula mass is the sum of the atomic masses
(in amu) in a formula unit of an ionic compound.
1 Na 22.99 amu
NaCl 1 Cl + 35.45 amu
NaCl 58.44 amu
For any ionic compound
formula mass (amu) = molar mass (grams)
1 formula unit NaCl = 58.44 amu
1 mole NaCl = 58.44 g NaCl
3.3
Calculate the molecular/formula
mass of the following:
a.)Cholesterol( C₂₇H₄₆0)
b.)Hydroxyapatite
( Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂
Sample Problem
Moles to Mass
What is the mass of 5.00 mol of C?
Given:
5.00 mol of C Unknown= mass
12.01 g -molar mass of C
I mol of X (Conversion factor )
molar mass of X
5.00 mol of C x 12.01 g = 60.05 g
1 mol C
Sample Problem
Mass to Moles
How many moles are present in 25.6 g of C?
Given:
25.6 g of C x 1 mol of C = 2.13 mol of C
12.01 g
Number of Particles to Mass
What is the mass of 1.806x1024 atom of C
1.806x1024 atoms of C x 1 mol of C x 12.01 g = 36.03 g
6.02 X 1023 atoms of C 1 mol of C
Mass to the Number of Particles
How many individual atoms are present in 24.8 g of C?
24.8 g C x 1 mol of C x 6.02 X 1023 atoms C =
12.01 g C 1 mol C
How many atoms are in 0.551 g of potassium (K) ?
Given: 0.551g of K Unknown: number of atoms
1 mol K = 39.10 g K
1 mol K = 6.022 x 1023 atoms K
1 mol K 6.022 x 1023 atoms K
0.551 g K x x =
39.10 g K 1 mol K
8.49 x 1021 atoms K
3.2
Sample Problem
White phosphorus (P) consists of P4 molecules. It
spontaneously ignite on contact with air. The
other allotropes are not as reactive. If there are
0.350 moles of P4 molecules:
a. how many P4 molecules are present?
b. What is the mass in grams of the sample?
c. how many P atoms are present?
a). 0.350 mol P4 x 6.02 X1023 molecules P4 = 2.11 x 1023 molecules P4
1 mol P4
b.) 0.350 mol P4 x 123.9 g P4 = 43.36 g P4
1 mol P4
c.) 2.11 x 1023 molecules P4 x 4 atoms P = 8.44 x 1023 P
1 molecule P4
Practice Exercises 1
1. Calculate the number of particle
present in the following substances.
a. 0.25 mol of NO2 ( N- 14, O – 16)
b. 7.15 mol of NH3 ( N-14, H-1)
Practice Exercises 2
Determine the mass in grams of the
following substances.
a. 1.25 mol of Mg
b. 4.85 x10-3 mol of H2O2
ANSWER
Given :
Unknown :
0.25 mol of NO2 x 6.022 x 10 23
molecules of NO2
1 mol of NO2
= 1.5 x 10 23
molecules NO2
ANSWER
Given :
Unknown :
4.85 x 10-3 mol of H2O2 x 34 g H2O2
1 mol of H2O2
= 0.165 g H2O2
Seatwork
1. Caffeine is the stimulant found
in coffee, tea and chocolate. It is
used in the formulation of some
analgesic and antipyretic tablets.
Its molecular formula is
C8H10N4O2.In 50.0 grams of
caffeine, how many caffeine
molecules are present?
