SCIENCE

PREPARED BY: MARJORIE JOY LAYNO

BEED-211
WELCOME
MY DEAR
SCIENTIST!

-Teacher Marj
 WHEEL OF NAMES
Teacher will select a name from the wheel of names to
answer the question about the previous lesson.
 WHEEL OF NAMES

• what is matter?
 WHEEL OF NAMES

2. 3 states of matter
 WHEEL OF NAMES

3. characteristic
properties of matter
 WHEEL OF NAMES

4. give at least 3 of
phase changes
 WHEEL OF NAMES

5. 2 types of mixture
HUMAN SENSE
ORGAN
 Learning Objectives
A. Identify the five human sense organs,

demonstrate how to take care of the five human sense

B.
organs; and

realize the importance of the five human sense organs in

C.
daily life.
 THE FIVE SENSE
ORGAN
Eyes, Ears, Tongue, Skin, and Nose- help to
protect the body. The human sense organs
contain receptors that relay information
through sensory neurons to the appropriate
places within the nervous system.
 RECEPTORS:
General receptors are found throughout
01 the body because they are present in skin,
visceral organs, muscles and joints.

Special receptors include chemical

02 receptors found in the mouth and nose,
photoreceptors found in the eyes, and
mechanoreceptors found in the ears
RECEPTORS:
THE
EYE
• Human eyes provide with 80 % of all information
received from external environment .

• By our eyes we can distinguish about 10 million

different colors.
• 576 mega pixels resolution.

• Eye muscles are one of the most active muscles of

human body
 Parts of the Eye
The eyes is slightly asymmetrical globe, about an inch diameter. The front part of the eye includes:
• The iris ( pigmented part)
• The cornea ( a clear dome over the iris)
• The pupil ( the black circular opening in the iris that let lights in)
• The sclera ( the white part)
• The conjunctiva ( an invisible , clear layer of tissue covering the front of the eye , except the
cornea)
• Choroid ( thin , pigmented layer lining the interior surface of the sclera
• Retina ( lines the interior surface of the choroi)
• macula, Optic nerve, Vitreous, lens, and optic disc
Parts of the Eye
 • Embedded in the retina are millions of light sensitive cells, which come in
two main varieties : rods and cones

• Rods are good for monochrome vision in poor light, while cones are used for color
and for the detection of fine detail. Cones are packed into a part of the retina
directly behind the retina called the fovea

• When light strikes either the rods or the cones of the retina , it’s converted into
an electric signal that is relayed to the brain via the optic nerve. The brain then
translates the electrical signals into the images we see.
 How to take care of our
Eye
• Eat a healthy , nutritious diet
• Monitor your blood pressure and blood sugar levels
• Avoid straining your eyes
• Wear sunglasses for light sensitivity
• Have an annual ophtalmological visit
 THE
•EAR
The ear can transduce sound vibrations with small
amplitudes into electrical signals 1000 times faster than
photoreceptors can respond to light

• Bessides receptions for sound waves , the ear also

contains receptions for equibilirium
 Parts of the Ear
The ear is divided in to three main regions:

1.the external ear, which collects sound waves and channels them in ward.

2. the middle ear, which conveys aound vibrations to the oval window

3. the internal ear, which houses the receptions for hearing and equilibrium.
 External Ear
• AURICLE- the cup-shaped structures on the sides of
your head.

• EAR CANAL - is a passage way for sound from the

auricle to the eardrum.

• EAR DRUM - separates the outer ear from the middle

ear. It moves to and vibrates as it receives sound
waves.
 Middle Ear
• A hollow chamber filled with air. Inside the chamber are three little bones:

• the hammer, anvil and stirrup

• when the eardrum vibrates it sends the hammer vibrating, these vibrations are passed on to the
anvil and the stirrup

• These three bones amplify the sound vibrations and sends them into the inner ear
 Inner Ear
• Contains both your organs of hearing and of balance . Its main parts are the cochle, the
vestibule nerve and the semicircular canals.

• The cochlean is a coiled tube. It is filled with liquid and contains nerve cells. These cells send
the message it has received through vibrations to the auditory nerves, then to the brain.

• Your brain interprets the vibrations as specific sounds.

 Inner Ear
• The organ of Corti is found inside the cochlea, it can be thought of as the body’s
microphone. It has a membrane that contains thousands of hair cells that become
excited when there is a sound.

• The membrane containing the hair cells tells you the pitch of the sound you are hearing, and
whether the sound is loud or soft.

• The vestibular and the semicircular canals are tour organs of balance. This means that
your ears do more than just hearing. They keep you from falling while you are
walking, standing and sitting.
 How to take care of our
Ears
• Protect the ears from loud noises
• Lessen the background sounds
• Visit an ENT specialist for any hearing problem
THE NOSE
• The sense of smell
• It is made up of cartilage and bone material .

• People have different sizes and shapes of noses, but all

noses are used for smelling.

• As you breathe through your nose , you can smell the

odors that the air is carrying.
 Parts of the Nose
• The nose has two holes called nostrils. The nostrils and the nasal passages are separated by a
wall called the septum (say: SEP-tum). Deep inside your nose, close to your skull, your
septum is made of very thin pieces of bone.

• Closer to the tip of your nose, the septum is made of cartilage (say: KAR-tel-ij), which is
flexible material that's firmer than skin or muscle. It's not as hard as bone, and if you push on
the tip of your nose, you can feel how wiggly it is.
• Behind your nose, in the middle of your face, is a space called the nasal cavity.
It connects with the back of the throat. The nasal cavity is separated from the
inside of your mouth by the palate (roof of your mouth).

• The inside of your nose is lined with a moist, thin layer of tissue called a
mucous membrane (say: MYOO-kus MEM-brayne). This membrane warms up
the air and moistens it
• Further back in your nose are even smaller hairs called cilia (say: SILL-ee-uh) that you can
see only with a microscope. The cilia move back and forth to move the mucus out of the
sinuses and back of the nose. Cilia can also be found lining the air passages, where they help
move mucus out of the lungs.
• When the smell receptors are stimulated, signals travel along the olfactory nerve to the
olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb is underneath the front of your brain just above the nasal
cavity. Signals are sent from the olfactory bulb to other parts of the brain to be interpreted as
a smell you may recognize, like apple pie fresh from the oven. Yum!
 THE
TONGUE
• The receptors for taste, called taste buds, are situated chiefly
in the tongue, but they are also located in the roof of the
mouth and near the pharynx.

• They are able to detect four basic tastes: salty, sweet, bitter,
and sour. The tongue also can detect a sensation called
"umami" from taste receptors sensitive to amino acids
THE
TONGUE
• At the base of each taste bud there is a nerve that
sends the sensations to the brain. The sense of taste
functions in coordination with the sense of smell.

• The number of taste buds varies substantially from

individual to individual, but greater numbers increase
sensitivity.
 How to take care of our
Nose and Tongue
• Maintain proper oral hygiene
• Limit your salt intake
• Nutrition is Vital
THE SKIN
• the integument as an organ, and is alternative name o f
skin, it includes :
• skin
• hair
• nails, and
• glands

• it is the body’s largest organ and 15% of body wieght

 Parts of the Skin
• Hair- include protection and sensing light touch .
• Nails - participate in the grasp and handling of small things , a tightly packed , hard,
keratinized epidermal cells.
• Glands - participate in regulating body temperature . The three main types are:
• Sebaceous - oil glands
• Sudoriferous- Sweat glands
• Ceruminous - Ceruminous glands are special sweat glands that produce earwax, a substance
that protects the ear canal from damage and infection.
 Layers of the Skin
• Epidermis- the thinner more superficial layer of the skin
• 4 cells:
• keratinocytes
• Melanocytes
• Langerhan Cells
• Merkel Cells
 Layers of the Skin
• Dermis- the deeper thicker layer composed of connective
tissue, blood vessels, nerve glands, and hair follicles
• 3 cells:
• Adipocytes
• Macrophages
• Fibroblasts.
 How to take care of our
Skin
• Keep yourself physically active
• Maintain healthy skin hygiene
• have a healthy diet
 ROLE PLAY TIME!
form a 3 groups, demonstrate how can you take
of your 5 sense organs by role playing.
You have 5 minutes to this task
 CRITERIA:
• CONTENT -25 points
• COOPERATION -25 points
• CREATIVITY -25 points
• CLEARNESS AND LOUDNESS OF VOICE- 25
points
• TOTAL 100 points
QUIZ TIME!
Thank
you!
• TEACHER MARJ