The Five Senses

Objectives identify the main parts of

1 each of the five sense
At the end organs; and
of the
lesson, you explain the functions of
should be 2 the five sense organs.
able to:
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Eyes
• The eyes are the sense of sight.
• Different parts of the eyes play important tasks for a person
to perceive his/her surroundings.
• Light has a significant role for the eyes to see.
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Parts of the Eyes

• The eyes are contained in hollow
openings in the skull called
sockets.
• Eyelids, eyelashes, and
eyebrows protect the eyes from
dust and other small things that
might get into it.
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Parts of the Eyes

1. The outermost portion of the
eye is the cornea. It is
responsible for focusing the light
that enters the eye.
2. The pupil is the black portion
at the center of the eye which
regulates the amount of light
that gets into it.
Parts of the eye
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Parts of the Eyes

3. The white portion of the eye
is called the sclera, which
provides strength for the eye.
4. The vitreous humor is a
transparent, gel-like material
that maintains the circular
shape of the eyeball.

Parts of the eye

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Parts of the Eyes

5. The iris is the colored part
of the eye. It has muscles that
help the pupil to adjust its size
by contracting or expanding.
6. The lens is behind the pupil
which bends the light rays that
enter the eye.

Parts of the eye

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Parts of the Eyes

• The light that passes through
the lens form a clear image at
the inner lining of the back of
the eye which is the retina.
• The image formed on the
retina is sent to the brain by
the optic nerve.

Parts of the eye

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How Eyes Perceive

• Light from an object enters the
eye and the image formed in
the retina is inverted.
• The image formed in the retina
is sent to the brain via optic
nerve.
• The brain interprets the image.
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Ears
• A person usually has a pair of
ears as the sense of hearing.
• The ear is divided into three
sections: the outer, middle, and
inner ear.
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Parts of the Ears

Outer Ear
• The most visible portion of
the ear is the outer ear.
• It has the ear flap or pinna
which collects the sound
waves from the
environment.
Parts of the ear
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Parts of the Ears

Middle Ear
• The sound waves collected by
the pinna are transmitted to
the middle part by the ear
canal.
• The sound waves will then hit
a thin membrane called
eardrum, which will cause it
to vibrate.
Parts of the ear
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Parts of the Ears

Middle Ear

• The vibrations from the

eardrum will be transmitted to
the inner by tiny bones namely
hammer, anvil, and stirrup.

Parts of the ear

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Parts of the Ears

Inner Ear
• The sound waves that go to
inner ear will reach the cochlea
which will convert sound to
electric impulse for the brain
to interpret.
• The auditory nerve transmits
the electric impulse to the
brain.
Parts of the ear
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Nose
• Aside from being the
passageway of air when
breathing, the nose is also the
sense of smell.
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Parts of the Nose

• The nostrils are the opening
of the nose where air enters
and leaves the body.
• The mucous membrane is a
thin layer of tissues that
warms and moistens the air
that enters the nose.
Parts of the nose
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Parts of the Nose

• The olfactory bulb contains
receptors that are sensitive to
various odors,
• When the air enters the nose
and reaches the olfactory
bulb, it sends a signal to the
brain and interprets the kind Parts of the nose
of odor that has reached in it.
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Tongue
• The tongue is a flexible
muscle inside the mouth to
which is known to be the
sense of taste.
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Parts of the Tongue

• The tiny bumps on the surface of
the tongue are called taste buds
(also known as papillae).
• These receptors are sensitive to
different tastes and send a signal
to the brain to interpret the taste
it has encountered.

Papillae of the tongue

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Skin
• The skin is the largest external
organ that protects the body by
covering its flesh.
• It allows the person to have
different sensations as a certain
object is touched.
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Parts of the Skin

• The skin is divided into three
layers namely epidermis, dermis,
and hypodermis.
• Each layer has different parts that
enable the skin to sense its
surroundings.
Key Points

Sense organs are specialized body parts that help a

1 person perceive his/her surroundings.

The five sense organs are the eyes, ears, nose, tongue,
and skin.
● The eyes are the sense of sight.
2 ● The ears are the sense of hearing.
● The nose is the sense of smell.
● The tongue is the sense of taste.
● The skin is the sense of touch.
Key Points

Each sense organ has different parts that work together to

fulfill its function. All sense organs have parts that allow
3 them to send messages to and receive messages from the
brain.
 Check Your Understanding

Identify the sense organ needed or used in the

following situations.
1. Lia wants to know if a teaspoon of sugar is enough to
make her tea sweet.
2. The mother enjoys listening to her kid’s laugh.
3. The teacher noticed that the students were quiet when
she came in.
4. Jamie found out that the pointed end of the needle can
hurt his finger.
5. The baby sleeps well on soft blankets.
 What Do You Think?

What do you think will happen if you have a sense

organ that is suddenly not functioning? Give an
example of a sense organ and a situation to explain
your answer.