Nutrition and Health,

Grade 12, University

Preparation(HFA4U)
Unit 2 – Lesson 3
Food Supply and Production (Part 1)

Version 1.0
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Learning Goals
1. Discuss the factors that impact food production and supply,
including: geography, physical conditions and natural
disasters (D2.1)

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Success Criteria
 You can name the factors that affect food production and supply
around the world
 You can provide specific examples of how various factors
impact food production and supply
 You can explain how geographical factors, physical conditions,
and natural disasters affect food production and supply

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What is Agriculture?
• It is the science and practice of farming (i.e. cultivation the soil for human
use)
• Geography, physical features of land, climate, etc. are examples of factors
that affect agriculture
• Social, economic and political factors are also determinants

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Major Agricultural Sectors

• There are many types of crops (e.g. vegetables, fruits, grains, etc.)
• Proportion of all farms in Canada in years 2006 and 2011 are depicted
here

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Factors Impacting Agricultural

Production

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Geographical Features
• The physical features of the surface of the earth are called its
topography or terrain
• Include mountains, valleys, and bodies of water
• Influence the types of crops and animals that can be raised
• Suitability of land is determined by:
1. Whether land is flat or sloped, rocky or covered with topsoil, well
drained or swampy etc.
2. Elevation, slope, and orientation in relation to the sun

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Geographical Features
Flat land with rich topsoil is good for orchards and grains

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Geographical Features
Land that cannot be used efficiently for cultivating crops is used for
grazing animals

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Geographical Features
Areas with good water drainage are suitable for growing grapes and
other fruit trees

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Climate
• Climate refers to the average long-term weather
conditions of an area temperature, air pressure,
humidity, sunshine, winds

• Weather refers to the day to day conditions of a

place

• Crops grow best under certain temperature range,

humidity and amount of sunlight

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Climate Change
• When long-term weather patterns are altered through human
activity or other causes, producing changes in temperature and
rainfall patterns
• It impacts agriculture because it alters the growing conditions in
a region
• Effects include flooding, drought, and intense summer heat in
different regions, which make growing food crops more
difficult.

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Water
• Water is an essential resource without which
agriculture is not possible

• Agriculture uses about 70 per cent of all water

used by humans

• The amount of rainfall and freshwater resources

affect what crops famers can grow and how
much food they can produce

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Irrigation
• In many regions where there is not enough rainfall to grow food crops,
water must be brought to the land using artificial means such as digging
ditches or installing systems of pipes

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Soil Quality
• Soil is the basis of agriculture; without it, plants cannot grow and
food cannot be produced
• Soil contains many living organisms that decompose plant and
animal waste and breakdown toxic compounds that may have
entered the soil through pollution

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Soil Quality
• The amount of organic matter found in soil has large impact on
soil biodiversity because it affects soil health, soil structure, and
the water holding capacity of soil
• Ideal farmland is nutrient rich soil that holds water well and
resists erosion by wind or water

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Natural Disasters
• Many kinds of natural disasters can affect food production and supply, but
the extent depends on the severity of the event, whether it occurs in a region
that produces much food, and whether it strikes during the main growing
season

• Not all natural disasters are related to weather. Earthquakes, volcanic

eruptions, and tsunamis are natural disasters that can have a significant
impact on local food production and safety of food supplies.

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Natural Disasters

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Factors Impacting Agricultural

Production

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Homework: Food Supply

and Production (Part 1)

• In the resources section you will find the

Food Supply and Production (Part 1)
homework handout.
• You should review the lesson notes and
then proceed to solve the homework
questions.
• Submit your work to the Dropbox called
U2L3: Homework.

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HFA4U
UNIT 2 Lesson 3