Nutrition and Health,

Grade 12, University

Preparation(HFA4U)
Unit 1 – Lesson 2
Macronutrients

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Learning Goals
1. Identify the sources and explain the functions of
macronutrients (i.e., carbohydrates, fats, proteins),
micronutrients (i.e., vitamins, minerals), and water (B1.1)

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Success Criteria
 I will be able to understand the differences between simple and
complex carbohydrates.
 I will be able to differentiate between mono, di and
polysaccharides
 I will be able to compare between soluble and insoluble fibres

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Nutrients - Review

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Nutrients
• Nutrients are found in the food we eat. They help you to grow and they
also provide us with energy needed to stay healthy and enjoy life.

• Nutrients keep the brain functioning, skeleton moving, and heart

beating.

• We require about 50 nutrients to keep our bodies alive.

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Nutrients
• The nutrients we need are divided into 6 major types. All these types
work as a team, each one with its own special role in health and
wellness.

1. Carbohydrates
2. Fats
3. Proteins
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water

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Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of energy. It is burned by
the body thereby allowing protein to be used for building and repairing.

• We get carbs from things like: grains (wheat, oats, corn), beans, sugars,
rice, etc.

• For good health, eat a variety of these foods everyday. Generally, they
are the least expensive form of energy you can buy.

• If you don’t eat enough carbs, your body will use the other energy-
producing nutrients for energy. When it does this, it keeps those
nutrients from their specialized jobs.
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Carbohydrates
• Carbs can be separated into 2 categories: Simple and Complex.

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Sugars (Simple Carbohydrates)

• Divided into two categories:
– Single sugars (monosaccharide)
– Double sugars (disaccharides)

• Names of sugars usually end in “–ose”

For example, Glucose

• Monosaccharides are the building blocks of complex Carbs

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Monosaccharides vs. Disaccharides

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Monosaccharides
• Glucose (also called dextrose)
– Body’s main source of energy
– Body converts other sugars into glucose for use by the body
– Found in fruits and honey
• Fructose
– Sweetest natural sugar
– Mostly found in fruit
• Galactose
– Not found alone in nature
– Linked to glucose to make lactose (milk sugar)

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Disaccharides
• Sucrose (most common in refined sugars)
– Cane sugar, table sugar, molasses, corn syrup, etc.
– Combination of glucose and fructose
– Eating large amounts of sugars can lead to excess weight problems,
which can lead to health problems.
• Maltose
– Does not occur in nature
– Found in Barley and other starches when they are broken down
• Lactose
– Natural only in milk

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Complex Carbohydrates
• Also known as polysaccharides.

2 categories:

1. Starch- Made up of many glucoses linked together. Found only in plant

foods. Found in grains (Wheat, corn, rice, rye, barley, and oats)

2. Fiber – edible but not digestible

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Fiber
• Fiber moves through the body
unchanged

• Two categories
– Soluble (swells in water)
– Insoluble (does not swell as
much)

• Found in dried beans, peas,

lentils, and whole grains

• Also found in the peelings of

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Fiber
• Dietary Fibre: does not provide energy. It consists of non-digestible
plant materials. Found in only fruits, vegetables, grain products, and
legumes.

• Insoluble Fibres: will not dissolve in water. Absorbs water; helps to

move food through large intestine at a normal rate.
– Promotes regular bowel movements and reduces constipation.
– Studies suggest insoluble fibre lowers risk of colon cancer.
– Found in vegetable and fruit skins and in whole wheat or wheat bran
products.

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Fiber
• Soluble Fibre: dissolves in water. Increases the thickness of the stomach
contents.
– Studies suggest it may reduce blood cholesterol levels.
– Find it in fruits, vegetables, legumes, peas, lentils, and oat products.

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How do Carbohydrates Impact Your

Health?

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Homework:
Carbohydrates

• In the resources section you will find the

Carbohydrates homework handout.
• You should review the lesson notes and
then proceed to solve the homework
questions.

• Submit your work to the Dropbox called

U1L2: Homework.

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HFA4U
UNIT 1 Lesson 2