MODULE 1 Cells as the basic unit of life

INTRODUCTION
•Smallest unit of life = CELL
•Cells consist of even smaller units i.e. atoms
and molecules but these parts are NON-
LIVING
 MICROGRAPH of a
spider

This is how This is the scale

many times the used to determine
spider was the actual size of
enlarged the specimen
MICROGRAPH of a
snowflake
MICROGRAPH
of bacteria
MICROGRAPH
•Foto taken during a microscope=
MICROGRAPH
•The number at the bottom shows how many
times the picture was enlarged
THE
MICROSCOPE
Paste the handout
and complete
Heading:
Build of a light
microscope
PLANT
CELL
PLANT
CELL
Organelle Structure Function

Cell wall Consists of cellulose PROTECTS cell and holds

(cannot be digested by the form
humans)
Non-living
Cell membrane Living layer CONTROLS the INFLOW
Consists out of protein and OUTFLOW of matter,
and fats i.e. selectively permeable

Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance Contains all the organelles

Organelle Structure Function

Chloroplast Can only be found in plant Chlorophyll is needed for

cells PHOTOSINTHESIS
Contains chlorophyll (this
is a green dye)

Mitochondri Double membrane Brakes down food to release

a energy namely
RESPIRATION
Organelle Structure Function

Vacuole A membrane with cell sap STORES nutrients and waste

within products

Nucleus Consists of nucleoplasm CONTROL the

(Core) and nucleolus, surrounded FUNCTIONS of the cell,
by a double membrane OWN ALL the GENETIC
MATERIAL
Plant cell (Draw)

cell wall
nuclear membrane
nucleus
cell membrane nucleoplasm

cytoplasm
vacuole
cell sap
ANIMA
L CELL
ANIMA
L CELL
ANIMAL
CELL
(Draw)

vacuole
nuclear membrane nucleu
nucleoplasm s

mitochondria cell membrane

cytoplasm
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PLANT- AND ANIMAL CELLS
Plant cell Animal Cell
Has a CELL WALL Has NO Cell wall

Has CHLOROPLAST Has NO Chloroplast

Has a BIG vacuole Has a SMALL or NO

vacuole
Fixed, angular shape Irregular shape
From Cell to Organism
•All living things consist of cells, e.g. plants
and animals
•Some organisms are UNICELLED. All their
living processes, e.g. feeding, excretion,
reproduction, etc. happen in one cell, e.g.
Amoeba
•Unicellular organisms:
Can only be seen with a microscope
MICROSCOPIC
•Multicellular organism:
Can be seen with the naked eye
MACROSCOPIC
•Multicellular organisms have groups of cells
that perform a specific function
= SPECIALIZED CELLS

•This means that the cells take up a SPECIFIC

FORM to PERFORM its FUNCTION
CELLS Cell
THAT
SPECIALIZE
Tissue

Organ

System

Organism
STEM CELLS
•Groups of cells that have not specialized yet
•Scientists are working on methods on how to
have these stem cells specialize into any type
of cell, e.g. cells that produce insulin for
diabetes or skin cells for skin transplants for
burn victims
POSSIBLE TYPES OF CELLS THAT
CAN FORM FROM STEM CELLS