S o ci o P o l i t i c a l

Group 2
 Introduction
The social structure during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines
was marked by significant exploitation and mistreatment of the
indigenous Filipinos.
Discrimination was rampant, with the Spanish elite enjoying privileges,
while indigenous Filipinos struggled with limited opportunities and
harsh living conditions.
 Social Structure
• 'Social ranking was created between in our society
• Social tensions were created between and among classe
s.
• A system of racial discrimination came to be
institutionalized
• High position in government were opened only to the pu
re
blooded Spaniards
• Members of the middle class and the indios were
considered inferior by the upper class and unworthy of
education.
 Why There is a
Social Structure?
Social structure guides people's behaviors. A person's
location in the social structure (his or her social class,
social status, the roles he or she plays, and the culture,
groups, and social institutions to which he or she
belongs) underlies his or her perceptions, attitudes, and
behaviors.
 H i e r a r c h y
R a cial Group 2
 Racial Heirarchy

PENINSULARES INSULARES
AMERICANO
 Racial Herarchy

TORNATRAS MESTIZO DE
MESTIZO DE
ESPANYOL SANGLEY
 Racial Herarchy

SANGLEY NEGRITO
IN D IO
Social C l a ss
Group 2
 Highest Class
the people that belong in this class include the
Spaniards, peninsulares and the friars. They have the
power and authority to rule over the Filipinos. They
enjoyed their positions and do what they want.
 Highest Class

Spaniards Peninsulares Friars

 Peninsulares
(Spaniards who were born in Spain). They held the
most important government jobs, and made up the
smallest number of the population.
 Friars
members of any of certain religious orders of men,
especially the four mendicant orders (Augustinians,
Carmelites, Dominicans, and Franciscans).
 The Four Major Medicant Religious Orders
• Augustinians: Founded by Saint Augustine, they spread Christianity through missionary
work, education, and church establishment during the colonial era.
• Carmelites: Originating from hermits on Mount Carmel, the Carmelites were involved in
contemplative life, offering spiritual guidance, education, and participating in missionary
activities.
• Dominicans: Founded by Saint Dominic, the Dominicans were active in preaching, teaching,
and intellectual pursuits. They played a key role in the Inquisition, education, and missionary
work during the colonial period.
• Franciscans: Founded by Saint Francis of Assisi, the Franciscans lived a life of poverty and
service to the poor. They were engaged in missionary work, education, and charitable
activities during the colonial period.
 Middle Class
The people that belongs into this class includes the
natives, mestizos and the criollos
 Middle Class

MESTIZO NATIVES
 Mestizo
Are the Filipinos of mixed indigenous Filipino or
European or Chinese ancestry.
 Lowest Class

INDIO OR INDIANS
 Lowest Class
This class includes the Filipinos only.
 Indio
The Indios are the poor people having pure blood
Filipino which ruled by the Spaniards.
E nc o mi e n d a a n d
Hacienda System
 ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM

Philippine society was feudalistic as a consequence of the ECONMIENDA

SYSTEM imposed by the colonizers.
The encomienda system involved granting Spanish colonizers control over
indigenous communities for labor and tribute.
They collected all forms of taxes and tributes from the Filipinos and even
required the natives to render POLO Y SERVICIO or forced labor to the
government and the Catholic church
 ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM

The individuals granted control over specific indigenous

communities were called EMCOMENDEROS.
Encomenderos were usually Spanish conquistadors or
settlers who received the right to extract tribute and
labor from the local population in exchange for
providing protection and promoting Christianization.
 HACIENDA SYSTEM

Revolved around large agricultural estates, or haciendas, primarily owned by

the Spanish elite. These estates were used for cultivating cash crops such as
sugar, tobacco, and other valuable commodities. The local workforce, often
composed of indigenous and Filipino laborers, endured difficult conditions
and low wages.

The managers were typically wealthy Spanish landowners or

HACENDADOS who owned large agricultural estates known as
HACIENDAS
 E x p e ri e n c e
Rizal’s
Group 2
 What did Rizal experience?

Rizal’s Mother was

Full Blooded Rizal’s family is part arrested and punished
Spanish that are born of the social group because of false
in Spain was the mestizos having a accusations of
most privilege mixed ancestry poisoning, due to this
Rizal had a reckoning
T ha n k
You