EDUCATIO

N
IN THE

PHILIPPIN
ES
EDUCATIO
N SYSTEM
Contemporary Period
 Contemporary Period
In the early 21st century, the Philippine education
system underwent significant changes. Republic Act
9155 in August 2001 renamed the Department of
Instruction to the Department of Education (DepEd),
redefining the roles of field offices and emphasizing
school empowerment. In 2009, a memorandum with
USAID secured $86 million for education, focusing
on regions like ARMM.
 Contemporary Period
During Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's administration in
2010, the 2010 Secondary Education Curriculum
(SEC) was implemented. However, it phased out by
2015 with the introduction of the K–12 program in
2012, extending basic education from 10 to 12 years.
 Contemporary Period
Republic Act No. 10533, the Enhanced Basic Education Act of
2013, signed by President Benigno Aquino III, formalized the
K–12 system. The Universal Access to Quality Tertiary
Education Act in 2017 mandated free tertiary education in state
universities and colleges. The alternative learning system
(ALS) was institutionalized in January 2021.

In August 2023, the DepEd launched the "Matatag curriculum"

for Kindergarten to Grade 10, reducing learning areas and
emphasizing Filipino identity and nationalism.
 FUNCTIONS OF
EDUCATION IN A
SOCIETY
 FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION IN A
SOCIETY
1. Giving training in specific skills or the basic general education literacy
2. Prepare people for occupational roles
3. Preserving the culture from one generation to the next
4. Encouraging democratic participation by teaching verbal skills
5. Developing the person's ability to think rationally and independently
6. Enriching life by enabling the student to expand his/her intellectual and
aesthetic horizons
7. Improving personal adjustment through personal counselling and such
courses as applied psychology, sex education, family living and drug abuse.
8. Improving the health of the nation's youth by providing physical exercise and
courses in hygiene.
9. Producing patriotic citizens through lessons illustrating the country's glory
10. Building character
 FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION IN A
SOCIETY
Some of these educational functions may not be realized; nevertheless,
these are the intended functions of our educational system. To be sure,
schools being the performer of all these functions are exerting their level
best to help realize the goals of the Philippine educational system.

The following are the constitutional provisions relevant to Basic

Education:
 FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION IN A
SOCIETY
1. "The state shall protect the right of all citizens to quality education at
all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education
accessible to all."

2. "The state shall establish, maintain and support a complete, adequate

and integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the people
and society."

3. "The state shall establish and maintain a system of free education in

the elementary and high school levels. Without limiting the natural right
of parents to rear their children, elementary education is compulsory for
all children of school age."
 FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION IN A
SOCIETY
4. "The state shall establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants,
student loan programs, subsidies and other incentives which shall be
available to deserving students in both public and private schools
especially to the underprivileged."

5. "The state shall encourage non-formal, informal and indigenous

learning systems as well as self-learning, independent, and out-of-school
study programs particularly those that respond to the community needs.

6.. "The State shall provide adult citizens the disabled and out-of-school
youth with training in civics, vocational efficiency and other skills."
FORMAL Becaus
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 FORMAL EDUCATION
Formal Education refers to the systematic and deliberate process of
hierarchically structured and sequential learning corresponding to the
general concept of elementary and secondary level of schooling. At
the end of each level, the learners must obtain certification in order
to enter or advance to the next level.

Formal education shall correspond to the following levels in basic

education:
ELEMENTAR
Y
Paaralang Elementarya or elementary
EDUCATION
education is the first part of the educational
system, and it includes the first six years of
compulsory education from grade 1 to
grade 6. Major subjects include
Mathematics, Science, English, Filipino
and Social Sciences. Optional subjects
include Music, Arts, Physical Education,
and Health. Private school students may
select subjects from a wider curriculum
including religious instruction in the dogma
of their choice.
 SECONDAR
Y
EDUCATION
Secondary education is
concerned primarily with
continuing basic education of
the elementary level and
expanding it to include the
learning of employable, gainful
skills, usually corresponding to
four years of junior high school
and two years of senior high
school.
SCIENCE HIGH
SCHOOL
Science high schools, such as the Philippine Science High School System
(PSHS) and the RSHS System, cater to intellectually promising students,
emphasizing critical thinking and problem-solving. These schools, with
higher standards than regular high schools, offer specialized subjects in
biology, chemistry, physics, and advanced science and math.

Administered by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and

the DepEd, PSHS and RSHS have strict criteria for student transfers and
require maintaining high grades in advanced subjects. Students completing
four years of secondary education under the pre-2011 system receive a
Diploma and Certificate of Graduation. In the K–12 system, the permanent
record is issued after completing senior high school.
TERTIARY
EDUCATION
Most institutions of higher learning are regulated by the
Commission of Higher Education. Colleges typically offer
1 or more specialized programs while universities must
offer at least 8 different undergraduate degree programs in a
wide array of subjects and at least 2 graduate programs.
Public universities are all non-sectarian and offer a wide-
range of programs, with English as a medium of instruction.
Public universities are government funded,
with the largest, the University of the Philippines, receiving a substantial amount from the annual
budget. There are also a number of private tertiary institutions, sectarian or non-sectarian as well as
for-profit or not-for-profit. Most private institutions are Catholic non-profit organizations. Most
universities offer 4 year degree programs with 2 semesters per year.
 VOCATIONA
L
Accredited private institutions offer
EDUCATION
technical and vocational education.
Programs offered vary in duration
from a few weeks to two years. On
completion students may take
centrally-administered
examinations to obtain their diploma or certificate.

Vocational colleges don't usually require an entrance examination. Only a

record of high school education and an enrolment fee are required.
NON-
FORMAL
EDUCATION
Non-formal education refers to any organized
systematic educational activity carried outside of the
framework of the formal system to provide selected
types of learning to a segment of the population.

Informal education is a lifelong process of learning

by which every person acquires and accumulates knowledge, skills, attitudes, and
insights from daily experiences at home, at work, at play, and from life itself. It offers
alternative learning opportunities for the out of school youth and adults specifically those
who are 15 years old and above and unable to avail themselves of the educational
services and programs of formal education. It reaches out to citizens of varied interests,
demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic origins and status. Its primary
objectives is to provide literacy programs to eradicate illiteracy.
SPECIAL EDUCATION
Special Education refers to the education of persons who are physically,
mentally, emotionally, socially or culturally different from so-called
"normal" individuals, such that they require modification of school
practices to develop their potential. Special education provides distinct
services, facilities, curricula, and instructional materials geared to pupils
or students who are significantly higher or lower than the average or
norm.

Special Education (SPED) aims to develop the maximums potential of

the child with the special needs to enable him/her to become self-reliant
and take advantage of the opportunities for a full and happy life.
 ALTERNATIVE LEARNING
SYSTEM
The Alternative Learning System (ALS) in the Philippines addresses the
educational needs of individuals unable to access formal education. It is a
laddered and modular non-formal program for elementary and secondary
school dropouts. Students can attend classes at their preferred schedules,
and a diagnostic test assesses their skill level. For those lacking essential
skills, additional programs are available. A final assessment determines
comprehensive knowledge, and upon passing, students receive a
certificate, allowing them to apply for college, work, or formal training
programs. Re-enrollment in formal teaching institutions is also an option.
Non-formal technical and vocational education, including ALS, is
typically accredited by TESDA, offering programs ranging from weeks
to two-year diploma courses. Graduates take a TESDA examination for
relevant certification.
SCHOOL YEAR
AND CLASS
HOUR
SCHOOL YEAR
AND CLASS
HOURS
The academic year in the Philippines typically spans
from June to March, with a semestral break in late
October. By law, it can start as early as June or as late as
August.

Students attend school for five days a week (Monday to

Friday) with morning and afternoon shifts, usually from
6:00 am to noon and noon to 6:00 pm, respectively. Some
urban public schools may include a mid-day shift to
address classroom overcrowding.