LIFE AND

WORKS OF
RIZAL
Hist 2-LMD
 Objective:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. A. Assess the presumed indolence of the Filipinos and its
correlation to the inferiority of Filipinos to the Spanish
colonizers; and

2. B. Analyze the events that prompted Rizal to consider other

means of achieving justice and demanding reforms from
Spain
INDOLENCE
AND THE
SPANISH
COLONIAL
RULE
 SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA de los
FILIPINOS.
Gregorio Sanciano’s El Progreso De Filipinas (1881)
he believed that such indolence was not inherent but was
caused by the climate of the Philippines
physical sense
sociopolitical sense
Economic policies
2 Factors:
1. Limited training and education
2. Lack of national sentiment
 LOS AGRICULTORES FILIPINOS
Rizal commended the intention of the Spanish
colonizers
He also urged farmers in Dapitan to use fertilizers
and farm machines to maximize the use of their
lands.
Rizal recommended to the Minister of Colonies
Rizal pointed out that calamities were not solely to
blamed for poor harvest
Rizal also brought to attention the problem of
banditry and thievery in rural farms
1 whole, in 300-500 words, analyze
the sociopolitical climate in the
Philippines in the 21st century and
identify the “ real calamity that
exceeds all others” that hampers
Philippine development.
 SECOND
HOMECOMI
NG
“I arrived at Manila on 26 June (1892), Sunday, at 12:00
noon. I was met by many carabineers headed by a major.
There were in Addition one captain and one sergeant of the
Veteran Civil Guard. I came down with my luggage and
they inspected me at The customhouse. From there I went
to Hotel de Oriente where I Occupied room No. 22, facing
the church of Binondo.”
WRITING OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO
 October 1887-Calamba
 London in 1888
 He wrote more chapters in Paris and Madrid, and
finished the manuscript in Biarritz on March 29, 1891.
 Rizal moved to Ghent because (1) the cost of printing is
cheaper than in Brussels, and (2) to flee from the
tempting attraction of Suzzane Jacoby.
In Ghent, Rizal lived frugally with Jose Alejandro.
Printing of El Filibusterismo
El Fili at F. Meyer-Van Loo Press, at 66 Viaanderen Street,
Ghent.
installment basis.
pawned his jewels in order to pay the down payment
He received some money which he borrowed from Jose Ma
Basa in Hongkong.
Rodriguez Arias- 200 php
August 6, 1891
Valentin Ventura, Savior of El Filibusterismo

Completion of Printing of El Filibusterismo

 September 18, 1891
 Immediately sent on the same day two copies for Basa
and Sixto Lopez in Hongkong.
 To Valentin Ventura
 Complimentary copies to Blumentritt, Mariano Ponce, G.
Lopez Jaena, and T. Pardo de Tavera, Antonio and Juan
Luna and other friends.
 Placed in wooden boxes and shipped to Hong Kong but
most were confiscated and lost.
 Sold as high as 400 pesetas per copy because the book
became rare.
 Rizal dedicated his second novel to the GOMBURZA
 preserved in the Filipiniana Division of the Bureau of
Public Libraries, Manila
 279 pages and was acquired from Valentin Ventura for
P10, 000
 Ferdinand Blumentrit
Rizal as Doctor in Hong Kong
DEPARTURE FROM EUROPE TO HONG
KONG
Rizal decided to go to Hong Kong because of the
following reasons:
1.Life became unbearable for Rizal
2. Rizal wanted to be near the Philippines and his
family
Arrival in Hong Kong
 November 20, 1891
 He resided at No. 5 D’Aguilar Street, No. 2
Rednaxola Terrace
 He wrote to his parents asking their permission if he
can return home(Deported).
 Before Christmas of 1891 (Realonda)
 The Christmas of 1891 in Hong Kong was the
happiest celebration in Rizal’s life.
Rizal as Doctor in Hong Kong
 Rizal earned a living for himself and his family as an
ophthalmic surgeon in Hong Kong.
 Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques
 British, Portuguese, and Americans.
 He successfully operated on his mother’s left eye to
be able to read and write again
BORNEO COLONIZATION
Dr. Rizal conceived the establishment of a Filipino colony in
North Borneo (Sabbah)
March 7, 1892
 100,000 acres of land,
 a beautiful harbor,
 and a good government for 999 years,
 free of all charges.
By April 20 he was back in Hong Kong
“This idea about Borneo is no good. Why should we
leave the Philippines, this beautiful country of ours? And
besides what will people say? Why have we made all
these sacrifices? Why should we go to a foreign land
without first exhausting all means for the welfare of the
country which nurtured us from our cradles? Tell me
that!” Hidalgo
 wrote to the newly assigned Governor General Eulogio Despujol
in Manila
 “the Philippines lacked laborers” and “it was not patriotic to go
off and cultivate foreign soil”. Despujol
 Rizal wrote articles about his “Borneo Plans” in French and
Spanish; other articles which he contributed to the British Daily
Newspaper
 Constitution of the La Liga Filipina.
 June 19, 1892
 “to be opened after my death” and gave to Dr. Marques for
safekeeping
RIZAL’S REASONS FOR RETURNING HOME
1. To confer with Governor Despujol regarding Borneo
project
2. To establish the La Liga Filipina in Manila
3. To prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in his
accusation (printed in La Solidaridad on April 15, 1892)
Rizal Falls into Spanish Trap
“victim is in the trap.”
“for anti- religious and anti-patriotic agitation”
Luis de la Torre-- “who had the protection of a strong
nation”
Arrival in Manila
 June 26, 1892 in Manila
 Hotel de Oriente
 In the afternoon at 4:00, he went to Malacañang
Palace – 7:00 PM
 The homes he visited were raided by the Guardia
Civil which seized some copies of the Noli and Fili
and some subversive pamphlets.
 Other interview with Despujol
 NOLI ME TANGERE EL FILIBUSTERISMO
Published date: March 21,1887 September 18, 1891
Place published Berlin, Germany Ghent, Belgium
Translation (English) Touch Me Not The Reign of Greed
Translation (Filipino) Huwag mo akong salangin Ang paghahari ng kasakiman
Genre: Romantic novel, a story exposing the Political Novel, a story of revenge and
real situation in the Philippines revolution
“Work of the Heart” “ Work of the Head”

Concept: To work pacifist, choosing peaceful To revenge the suffering of the family and
reforms through education of the country men resulting from bitter and
youth, colonial discrimination, an traumatic experiences, failure of the
idealist introducing reforms. revolution planned by Simoun

Dedication: Motherland Father Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora

Length: 64 chapters 38 chapters
Influenced by: The novel “ Uncle Tom’s Cabin” The novel “ The Count of Monte Cristo by
Alexander Dumas”
Saved by: Maximo Viola Valentin Ventura
Contains: Freshness, color, humor, lightness and Bitterness, Hatred, pain, violence, Sorrow
wit
FOUNDING OF THE LA LIGA FILIPINA
 Doroteo Ongjunco in Tondo, Manila on July 3, 1892
 The Philippine League
 Motto: “One like all” (Unus Instar Omnium)
 Membership is based on endorsements and passing
certain tests.
 Three levels of organizational councils:
(Popular/Provincial/Supreme)
The constitution contained the aims of the La Liga
which were the following:
 Unite the whole archipelago into one compact,
vigorous and homogeneous body;
 Mutual protection in every want and necessity;
 Defense against all violence and injustice;
 Encouragement of instruction, agriculture and
commerce; and,
 Study and application of reforms
THE ARREST OF RIZAL
 July 6, 1892
 Rizal was jailed to Fort Santiago and was kept
incommunicado.
 Gaceta de Manila
It also contained Despujol’s decree on Rizal’s
deportation to Dapitan.
Reasons for Rizal’s Arrest
 “Pobres Frailes” (Poor Friars) by Fr. Jacinto-
Imprenta de los Amigos del Pais
 frankly “anti -Catholic” and “imprudently anti friar.”
 His novel El Filibusterismo
 tear from the Filipinos their loyalty to the holy
Catholic faith.
 ROLE PLAY:
CHOOSE ONE CHAPTER
FROM EL FILI AND PERFORM
IT NEXT WEEK. 5-10 MINS
One group should be different
from other group.
8-10 members each group
Criteria Excellent (10 points)
Consistently stays in
Characteriz character, using appropriate
ation language and behavior.
Demonstrates exceptional
Creativity creativity in approaching the
Ex: props role play scenario, introducing
unique and compelling
elements.
Demonstrates thorough
Preparation knowledge of the role and
scenario.
Presents the role play in a
Overall polished and professional
Presentation manner, paying attention to
details such as tone, body
language, and timing.
Good (8 points)
Mostly stays in character,
with occasional lapses in
language or behavior.
Shows creativity in the role
play, with some interesting
elements, but lacks
consistency or originality.
Shows good understanding
of the role and scenario.
Presents the role play in a
generally professional
manner but may have
occasional lapses in
presentation.
Satisfactory (6 points)
Occasionally breaks character,
with noticeable lapses in
language and behavior.
Displays basic creativity, but the
role play lacks innovation and
may feel somewhat predictable.
Has a basic understanding of the
role and scenario.
Presents the role play with some
professionalism, but there are
noticeable shortcomings in
delivery.
Needs Improvement (4 points)
Frequently breaks character,
impacting the realism of the
role-play.
Shows little creativity, relying
on common scenarios or
responses without adding
much flair.
Demonstrates little
understanding of the role and
scenario.
Presents the role play in a
manner that lacks
professionalism, with frequent
disruptions or inconsistencies.
Unacceptable (2 points)
Consistently breaks character,
making the role-play unrealistic.
Lacks creativity, with a role play
that is dull, unimaginative, and
uninteresting.
Shows no understanding of the
role and scenario.
Fails to present the role play in a
professional manner, significantly
detracting from the overall
experience.
 CHAPTER 6: Rizal’s
Heroism, the Nation and
the World
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able
to:
A. Explain how Rizal spent “the most productive
years of his life” in exile; and
B. identify the accusations that led to Rizal’s trial and
executions
Life in Exile
● July 14, 1892
● July 17, at 7:00 in the morning, he was handed to
Captain Ricardo Carnicero, the Spanish commander
of Dapitan.
Father Pablo Pastells to Father Antonio Obach
1) Rizal must publicly retract his errors concerning
religion, and make statements that were clearly pro-
Spanish and against revolution.
2) He must perform the church rites and make general
confession of his past life.
3) He must conduct in an exemplary manner as a Spanish
subject and a man of religion.
 He was welcomed by Captain Carnicero to live in his
own house.
 He gave good reports about Rizal to Gov. Despujol.
 Rizal was bound for Dapitan in Mindanao, where he
lived in exile for the next four years.
 “Kataastaasan Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan” (“Highest and Most Respected Sons
of the People”) or the Katipunan.
 K.K.K
 Rizal as a symbol of reform and freedom
 Liga ceased to be an organization.
 Bonifacio dedicated himself to strengthening the
Katipunan as a revolutionary society
 The society grew, and by 1896 it had recruited
thousands of members.
Rizal’s Activities in Dapitan
 now called as the Rizal Shrine
 free medical treatment for the poor and put up a clinic.
 medicinal plants in the area and prescribed them to the
poor
 lighting system consisted of coconut oil lamps
 school for young boys (1893-1896)
 a beautification project
 a huge relief map of Mindanao
 a water-work system for the community (Mr. H.F.
Cameron)
 collected specimens of animals
 “Hymn to Talisay”
 draining the marshes to get rid of malaria
 Linguistic Studies (Rizal knew 22 Languages).
Rizal as a Farmer
 His land of 70 Hectares had 6,000 hemp plants,
1,000 Coconut trees, and numerous fruit trees.

Businessman.
 Ramon Carreon
 Fishing and copra
 P200 in one stroke with
Abaca
 hemp industries
 the Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers
 invented a cigarette lighter he called “sulpukan”
 wooden brick-maker machine
Rizal and Family in Dapitan.
 house by the seashore of Talisay
 another house for his school boys and a hospital
 Mi Retiro [My Retreat], a poem to Rizal’s place of exile
 “A Josefina”
 “A Ricardo Carnicero”
Rizal’s Lottery Ticket.
 In Madrid, he regularly bought a lotto ticket.
 September 21, 1892
 lottery ticket No. 9736
 Captain Carnicero, Dr. Rizal and Francisco
Equiloior
 Rizal’s share was P6,300.00
2,000 to his father and P200 to Basa in Hong
Kong, agricultural lands (16 hectares)
“Lottery was his only vice.” Commented Wenceslao E.
Retana
he started to buy whole lotto tickets but never hit the
jackpot again.
“worthless” land
Rizal as a Physician in Dapitan.
 He was paid P3,000 Don Ignacio Tumarong,
 an Englishman paid him P500,
 Don Florencio Azacarraga paid Rizal a cargo of
sugar.
LAST TRIP ABROAD.
received a letter from a longtime Austrian friend
Ferdinand Blumentrit
Rizal sent a letter to Governor-General Ramon
Blanco in December 1895
Rizal’s exile in Dapitan ended on July 31 when he
boarded España
Rizal missed Isla de Luzon for Spain.
He then informed the Governor-General Blanco of
his wish to be placed in an isolated location.
He was given accommodation in a Spanish cruiser
and stayed there for nearly a month.
Departure for Spain.
On August 6, Gov. General Blanco ordered the transfer
of Rizal
On August 26, 1896, the Katipunan, aggravated by the
cry of Balintawak raised by Bonifacio created hysteria
and vindictive retaliation against the Filipino patriots.
On August 30, 1896
He was worried for two reasons:
● (1) the violent revolution was premature and would
only cause much suffering and terrible loss of
human lives, and
● (2) the revolution would arouse Spanish vengeance
against all Filipino patriots. He was worried, but he
kept his plan to leave for abroad.
volunteer job in Cuba
given his word of honor to Governor-General Blanco
On September 2, Rizal left Manila for Barcelona,
Spain
arrest order from Governor-General Blanco
a dangerous Filipino and considered him as the leader
of the Philippine revolution
Rizal in Singapore.
 September 7, 1896
 The Filipinos in the city convinced him to stay
behind and forego his trip to Spain
 The governor himself secretly conspired with the
Ministers of war and the Colonies for his destruction.
 September 28
 Captain Alemany
Arrival in Barcelona.
 September 30, 1896
 30 days
 jailor happened to be General Eulogio Despujol
 October 6, 1896 (transport ship Colon)
 His enemies howled like mad dogs for his blood, and
they got it, without the benefit of genuine justice
(Zaide, 1999).
His homecoming was the saddest in his life
he desired to meet his enemies and to offer himself as a
sacrificial victim to their sadistic designs
one of history’s mockeries of justice
Last Homecoming.
October 8, 1896: “I believe that what God is doing to me
is a blessing, allowing me to go back to the Philippines in
order to be able to destroy such accusations. Because,
either they do me justice and recognize my innocence and
then I will be rehabilitated or they sentence me to death
and thereby before the eyes of the society. I atone for my
supposed crime.
Society will forgive me and later, without any doubt, justice will be
done me and I will be one more martyr. At any rate, instead of
dying abroad or in the manigua (jungle in Cuba), I’ll die in my own
country. I believe that what is happening is the best that can happen
to me. Always let God’s will be done. I feel more calm with regard
to my future…I feel the peace that descended upon me. Thank
God! Thou art my hope and my consolation! Let your will be done;
I am ready to obey it. Either I will be condemned and absolved,
I’m Happy and ready”
Rescue in Singapore.
 Atty. Fort instituted proceedings at the Singapore court
for the removal of Rizal from the steamer as “illegally
detained”
 In Manila, many Filipino patriots were already
incarcerated.
 Bonifacio and the katipunero (revolutionaries) continued
to wage their armed struggle, losing battle after battle.
The Tale of the Big Brother.
December 1896
Arrival in Manila.
 The Colon arrived on November 3
 Judge advocate, Colonel Francisco Olive
 He was informed of the charges he was allowed to
answer but was not permitted to confront his
accusers.
TRIAL AND EXECUTION
Rizal’s Defense.
 100 first and second lieutenants in the Spanish
Army
 Don Luis Taviel de Andrade
 Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade
CHARGES READ TO RIZAL
Rizal replied:
1. He did not question the jurisdiction of the court.
2. He had nothing to amend, except that since his
deportation to Dapitan in 1892 and he had not engaged in
politics.
3. He did not admit the charges preferred against him.
4. He did not admit the declarations of the witness against
him.
Rizal’s Manifesto.
 On December 15, Rizal wrote a manifesto
(proposal)
 The manifesto was suppressed by the
Judge advocate General Nicolas de la
Peña
Rizal’s Last Christmas.
 Christmas of 1896
 At this time, he wrote to his defender, asking
him to visit him any time of the day to discuss
matters before his case would be heard the next
day.
The Trial of Rizal
His trial started at 8:00 A.M. of December 26, 1896. In
the Cuartel de Espana, a military building.
Present in the courtroom were:
1. Dr. Jose Rizal (the accused)
2. Lt. Taviel de Andrade (his defense council)
3. Capt. Rafael Dominguez (Judge Advocate)
4. Lt. Enrique de Alcocer (prosecuting Attorney)
5. The Spectators
Seven Members of the Military Court:
1. Lt. Col. Jose Togores Arjona (president)
2. Capt. Ricardo Munoz Arias
3. Capt. Manuel Reguera
4. Capt. Santiago Izquierdo Osorio
5. Capt. Braulio Rodriguez Nunez
6. Capt. Manuel Diaz Escribano
7. Capt. Fernando Perez
Rizal was accused of three crimes:
1. Rebellion
2. Sedition
3. Illegal Association
Penalty
1. Rebellion and Sedition
2. Illegal Association
In his supplementary defense he further proved his
innocence by twelve points:
1. He could not be guilty of rebellion
2.He did not correspond with the radical, revolutionary
elements.
3.The revolutionists used his name without his
knowledge
4.He could have escaped in a Moro vinta
5.Why was he not consulted by the revolutionists?
Lt. Col. Togores Arjona – considered the trial over
and ordered the hall cleared
December 28, 1896, Polavieja approved the
decision of the court-martial and ordered Rizal to
be shot at 7:00 in the morning of December 30 at
Bagumbayan Field (Luneta).
Timeline of the last days of Rizal
● December 26, 1896
● December 28, 1896
● December 28, 1896
● December 28, 1896
● December 29, 1896
● December 29, 1896
December 29, 1896
My dear Brother, When you receive this letter, I shall be dead by
then. Tomorrow at seven, I shall be shot; but I am innocent of the
crime of rebellion. I am going to die with a tranquil conscience.
Adieu, my best, my dearest friend, and never think ill of me!
Fort Santiago, 29 December 1896
José Rizal
Regards to the whole family, to Sra. Rosa, Loleng, Conradito, and
Federico. I leave a book for you as my remembrance.
• Narcisa – Wicker Chair
• Angelica, niece – Handkerchief
• Mauricio, nephew – Belt, watch, and chain
• Trinidad – Alcohol Burner with Mi Ultimo Adios
December 30, 1896, 6:30am
December 30, 1896, 7:03 a.m.
December 30, 1896
 01
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