HOW DO MOBILE PHONES WORK?

BY Maw Koon Myat

1.
 Radio waves and cellular networks: Mobile phones communicate
via radio waves, which are electromagnetic signals that travel
through the air. These radio waves are transmitted and received
by cell towers, which are strategically placed to cover specific
areas known as cells. The collective network of these cells is
called a cellular network.
2.
 SIM card: When you insert a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card into
your phone, it identifies your phone to the network. It contains unique
information, such as your phone number, allowing the network to direct
calls and data to your device.
3.
 Communication with cell towers: When you make a call or send a message,
your mobile phone connects to the nearest cell tower. The cell tower
relays your communication to the nearest base station, which is connected
to the core network.
4.
 Core network: The core network is the backbone of the mobile network
infrastructure. It handles tasks like call routing, authentication, billing,
and data exchange between different devices and networks.
5.
 Voice calls: For voice calls, the phone converts your voice into an analog
signal and then compresses it into digital data. This data is transmitted as
radio waves to the nearest cell tower and then routed through the core
network to the recipient's phone.
6.
 Text messages (SMS): SMS messages are short text messages that use a
separate channel on the network to send and receive data. They are
generally transmitted when the network is idle or has spare capacity.
7.
 Data transmission: Mobile phones also support data transmission for
internet access and other data-related tasks. Data is transmitted in
packets, and mobile devices can connect to the internet through 3G,
4G/LTE, or 5G networks, depending on the phone's capabilities and the
network infrastructure.
8.
 GPS and other functionalities: Mobile phones can also use GPS (Global
Positioning System) to determine their location, allowing various location-
based services and navigation applications.
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