Chapter One

INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

 What is Wireless Communication?
Communication Systems can be Wired or Wireless and the
medium used for communication can be Guided or Unguided.
In Wired Communication, the medium is a physical path like
Co-axial Cables, Twisted Pair Cables and Optical Fiber Links
etc. which guides the signal to propagate from one point to
other. Such type of medium is called Guided Medium.
 Cont’d…
On the other hand, Wireless Communication doesn’t require
any physical medium but propagates the signal through space.
Since, space only allows for signal transmission without any
guidance, the medium used in Wireless Communication is
called Unguided Medium.
Cont’d…
Wireless communication involves the transmission of
information over a distance without the help of wires, cables
or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates
all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating
between two or more devices using a wireless signal through
wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication

1. High Capacity Load Balancing

◦ Wireless networks were originally planned for coverage only, but with all the
smartphones, tablets, laptops etc. out there--today’s wireless networks must be
planned for capacity.
◦ With the increased demand on both your wireless and wired infrastructure, you
must incorporate high capacity load balancing.
◦ This means, when one access point is overloaded, the system will actively shift
users from one access point to another depending on the capacity that is available.
Cont’d…

2. Scalability
The growth in popularity of new wireless devices will only continue to increase.
Your network needs to have the ability to start small if necessary, but expand in
terms of coverage and capacity as needed--without having to overhaul or build
an entirely new network. 
Cont’d…

3. Role based access control

Role based access control (RBAC) allows you to assign roles based on who, what,
where, when and how a user or device is trying to access your network.
Cont’d…

4. Indoor as well as outdoor coverage options

Although you may feel you only need indoor WiFi at first, its possible that later
you might need to add outdoor coverage as well.
Cont’d…

5. Mobile device management

Think about how many mobile devices will be accessing your wireless network;
now think about the thousands of applications you’re going to have running on
those mobile devices.
Cont’d…

6. Roaming
You shouldn't have to worry about dropped connections, slower speeds or any
disruption in service as you move throughout your office or even from building
to building—wireless needs to be mobile-first..
 Why Wireless Communication?
When wired communication can do most of the tasks that a wireless
communication can, why do we need Wireless Communication? The primary and
important benefit of wireless communication is mobility.

Apart from mobility, wireless communication also offers flexibility and ease of
use, which makes it increasingly popular day – by – day. Wireless Communication
like mobile telephony can be made anywhere and anytime with a considerably
high throughput performance.

Another important point is infrastructure. The setup and installation of

infrastructure for wired communication systems is an expensive and time
consuming job. The infrastructure for wireless communication can be installed
easily and low cost.
Wireless –Advantages
Wireless communication involves transfer of information
without any physical connection between two or more
points. Because of this absence of any 'physical
infrastructure', wireless communication has certain
advantages. This would often include collapsing distance or
space.
Wireless communication has several advantages; the most
important ones are discussed below:
Cont’d…
i. Cost effectiveness
Wired communication entails the use of connection wires. In
wireless networks, communication does not require elaborate
physical infrastructure or maintenance practices. Hence the
cost is reduced
ii. Flexibility
Wireless communication enables people to communicate
regardless of their location. It is not necessary to be in an
office or some telephone booth in order to pass and receive
messages.
Cont’d…
iii. Convenience
Wireless communication devices like mobile phones are quite
simple and therefore allow anyone to use them, wherever they
may be. There is no need to physically connect anything in
order to receive or pass messages.
iv. Accessibility
The wireless technology helps easy accessibility as the remote
areas where ground lines can’t be properly laid, are being
easily connected to the network.
Wireless ─ Terms in Mobile Telephony
Mobile Station (MS): The Mobile Station (MS) communicates
the information with the user and modifies it to the transmission
protocols of the air interface to communicate with the BS. The
user information communicates with the MS through a
microphone and speaker for the speech, keyboard and display for
short messaging and the cable connection for other data
terminals. The mobile station has two elements Mobile
Equipment (ME) and Subscriber Identity Module (SIM).
Cont’d…
Mobile Equipment (ME): ME is a piece of hardware that the
customer purchases from the equipment manufacturer. The
hardware piece contains all the components needed for the
implementation of the protocols to interface with the user and
the air-interface to the base stations.
Cont’d…
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM): This is a smart card issued
at the subscription to identify the specifications of a user such as
address and type of service. The calls in the GSM are directed to
the SIM rather than the terminal.
SMS are also stored in the SIM card. It carries every user's
personal information which enables a number of useful
applications.
Cont’d…
Base Station (BS): A base station transmits and receives user data.
When a mobile is only responsible for its user's data transmission and
reception, a base station is capable to handle the calls of several
subscribers simultaneously.
Channels: it is a range of frequency allotted to particular service or
systems.
Voice Channel(VC): Radio channel used for voice or data
transmission.
Roamer: A mobile station which operates in a service area other
than that from which service has been subscribed.
Thank you