DNA & Chromosomes

Chapter 5
)Please do read every single page(
 …Learn
• Nucleotides
• Nucleosides
• DNA
• RNA
 Three-dimensional structure
Figure 9.7
Figure 9.8
 Other important nucleotides within cells

ATP
ADP
AMP

Base always
attached here

Phosphates are
attached there

Figure 9.10
 Nucleosome
Complex consisting of •
bp of DNA 200 –
histone proteins in core 8 –
H1 histone stabilizing –

Core = 146 bp DNA and two –

each of H2a, H2b, H3 and H4
 Vary in length between 20 to 100 bp,
depending on species and cell type
Diameter of the
nucleosome

Figure 10.14

”Overall structure of connected nucleosomes resembles “beads on a string •

This structure shortens the DNA length about seven-fold –

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 Play a role in the organization
and compaction of the
chromosome

Figure 10.14

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Figure 10.21
10-63
 Compaction level in
euchromatin

During interphase most

chromosomal regions Compaction level in
are euchromatic heterochromatin

Figure 10.21
10-64
 Semi-conservative
:replication
One strand of duplex
passed on unchanged
to each of the daughter
cells. This 'conserved'
strand acts as a
template for the
synthesis of a new,
complementary strand
by the enzyme DNA
polymerase
 Semi-discontinuous replication
New strand synthesis always in the 5’-3’ direction
F) RNA primers required