School-Based Management (SBM)

Paul Melvin Estores

Ken Feniso
 Learning Outcomes:
• State practices aligned to SBM.
• Explain the meaning, advantages, disadvantages of
SBM.
• Explain the roles, functions and competencies of
school heads in SBM.
 Activity - Let’s Read These!
Mabuhay Elementary School had very low Mean Percentage Score
(MPS) in the last Grade 6 exit examination. Pupil tardiness and absences are
rampant. Truancy is another problem as some pupils cut classes because they
spend their time playing video games in the computer shops nearby. Absences
are also very rampant. Children claim they are told to absent by their parents to
do rice planting and harvesting.
Feeling helpless, Ms. Ligaya called on teachers, parents and leaders of
the community for a meeting. In the meeting, she presented the problems of the
school and asked for help to improve school performance. There were many
suggestions given. So these were written down in a simple matrix.
Problem Cause Objective Activity Persons Resources Time Expected
Involved needed frame Outcome
1. Late To reduce Talk to PTA PTA Zero tardiness
Tardiness rising due tardiness parents to officers; meeting
to tv; to zero homeroom; Teachers; on
distance School march
of home Parents to Head; 15
to school; limit tv
computer viewing;
shop.
PTA to
meet with
computer
shop
owners not
to allow
students in
shop from
6:30 AM
and during
class
hours.
Problem Cause Objective Activity Persons Resources Time Expected
Involved needed frame Outcome
1. Games in To reduce Present PTA Unexcused
Absentis- computer unexcused problem officers; absences
m shops; absences and seek Teachers; reduced to
lack of to zero solutions in School zero
interest PTA Head;
to go to meeting;
school; PTA talk to Video clips
work in computer March
the farm shops 30
owners;
Games
Teachers
to come up
with
interesting
lessons to
motivate References
students to
come to
school.
 Factors of School Effectiveness Based on
Research
• Effective practices need to be institutionalized for them to become
part of the school culture. To build professional capacity and
establish mechanism that supports the continuing quality
improvement of schools is an assurance that effective schools
even become more effective. SBM is the mechanism introduced
by the DepED in the Philippines to continuously work on effective
schools. As the term implies in SBM, schools are given greater
autonomy to make decisions regarding education for children.
• In the Philippines, the devolving of more responsibility to
the schools was done through the SBM. SBM was
introduced during the implementation of the Third
Elementary Education Project (TEEP), 1999-2005. In
2005, TEEP conducted a study to determine the effect of
SBM on student performance in the Philippines using the
administrative dataset of all public schools in 23 school
districts over a 3-year period, 2003-2005.The results
showed that the introduction of SBM had a statistically
significant, although small, overall positive effect on
average school-level test scores in 23 school districts in
the Philippines.
 Legal Basis of SBM

• The Philippine Constitution provides that Congress

shall enact a local government code that will
institutionalize a system of decentralization (Article 10,
Sec. 3) whereby local government units shall be
extended more power, authority…. The Local
Government Code in 1991 is a fulfillment of this
Constitutional provision.
• This means that long before the Department of Education
(DepED) legally introduced decentralization in schools
through School-Based Management (SBM) in 2001
through the enactment of RA 9155, local government
units were already empowered for local governance. RA
9155, Basic Governance act transfers the power and
authority as well as the resources to the school level.
School empowerment is based on the assumption that
the school heads including teachers, key leaders in the
community, parents know the best the root and solution to
the problem.
 School-Based Management
• is a decentralized management initiative by developing
power or authority to school heads, teachers,
parents and students.
• is a strategy to improve education by transferring
significant decision-making authority from DepEd
Central Office, regional offices, division offices, to
individual schools.
• SBM provides principals, teacher, students, and
parents greater control over the education process by
giving them responsibility for decisions about the
budget, personnel, and the curriculum.

• Through the involvement of teachers, parents, and

other community members in these key decisions,
SBM can create more effective learning environments
for children.
 Advantages of SBM
The following are the strengths of SBM:

• Allow competent individuals in the schools to make decisions that will

improve learning;
• Give the entire school community a voice in key decisions;
• Focus accountability for decisions;
• Lead to greater creativity in the design of programs;
• Lead to realistic budgeting as parents and teachers become more
aware of the school’s financial status, spending limitations, and the
cost of its program; and,
• Improve morale of teachers and nurture new leadership at all levels.
 Disadvantage of SBM
• Participatory decision-making needs time and may slow
down process.
• This leaves principals and teachers less time to devote to
other aspects of their job.
• Teachers and community members who participate in the
councils may need training in the budget matters, some
teachers may not be interested in the budget process or
want to devote time to it.
 Demands of SBM
• Active and intelligent participation of stakeholders
• Democratic and transformative leadership of school head
• Support and openness of higher authorities to schools
Roles of School Head
Roles Functions Knowledge/Skills/Attitude
Required
Visionary leader, planner, Lead in setting the vision, Change and future
implementer evaluator mission and goals of the orientation
school

Curriculum Developer Create a physical and Development of collective

psychological climate accountability for school
conducive to teaching and and student performance
learning
Fiscal resource manager Administer and manage all Fund management
personnel, physical and
fiscal resources of the
school