UNIT - I

TRANSMISSION
REQUIREMENTS
Requirements of transmission
system, general arrangement of
power transmission, general
arrangement of rear-engine vehicle
with live axles, general arrangement
of dead-axle and live axles
transmission, four-wheel drive
transmission.
ARRANGEMENT OF POWER TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM

 Engine or Power Plant

 Clutch
 Gear Box or Transmission
Differential  Propeller Shaft with U-
Joints
 Differential and Final Drive
 Rear Axles

ARRANGEMENT OF POWER TRANSMISSION

REQUIREMENT OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

• To provide variation in speed and

torque
• To provide neutral condition to the
vehicle
• To provide reverse movement of the
vehicle
• To provide vehicle to run smoothly
•REQUIREMENT OFturnTRANSMISSION
To provide the vehicle to take SYSTEM
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF REAR-ENGINE VEHICLE WITH LIVE
AXLES
This arrangement eliminates the
necessity for a propeller shaft when
the engine is mounted adjacent to
driven wheels. The engine-clutch-
gearbox-final drive forms a single unit
in this layout. In order to reduce the
‘overhang’ distance between wheel
centers and the front side of the
engine, the final drive is generally
placed between clutch and gear box.
 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF DEAD AXLE & LIVE AXLE
TRANSMISSION

Axles refer to the axle units

within the running system of
automobiles, and consist of
components such as the axle
case, gears and brakes. Figure
showing a truck consist of
front axle, rear live/drive axle
and rear dead axle.
 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF DEAD AXLE & LIVE AXLE
TRANSMISSION

In trucks, the front axle takes

the weight of the vehicle and is
used for steering. The rear axle
is classified into the drive axle,
which takes the weight of the
vehicle and transfers driving
force to the wheels and the dead
axle, which helps to take the
weight of the vehicle.
4WD & Awd
transmission system
VIDEO LINK OF 4WD & AWD TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM

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Four Wheel Drive, also called 4×4, is generally
used in trucks and bigger SUVs. In the 4WD
system, the torque is sent to the rear wheels,
and the front wheels spin freely. Generally,
there’s a separate lever near the gear stick to
switch on to the four-wheel drive system. In
the case of the 4×4, the driver can decide
when to engage and disengage the system as
per the driving conditions. In addition, the
amount of torque transmitted to the left and
right side wheels can be varied through the
differential. The 4WD system is generally
designed for SUVs to drive in extreme off-
roading conditions.
In an all-wheel-drive system, the torque is transmitted
to all four wheels and the computer monitors the
amount of torque needed to be sent. In normal
highway conditions, most of the power is sent to the
rear wheels with little or no power to the front wheels.
However, as the driving condition changes, the
computer senses and changes the torque distribution
accordingly. This is done in order to obtain the
maximum traction control in different weather
conditions and on corners. Unlike normal cars with
rear-wheel drive or front-wheel drive, the AWD cars
rarely slip in any condition. AWD cars are beneficial
for people living in snowy or cold areas or where there
is heavy rainfall as it doesn’t lose traction easily.
AWD system can be incorporated in any car
irrespective of their body type.
Which One Is Better? 4WD Or AWD ?

Both drivetrains have their own benefits; it mainly depends on

the application that which one is better for you. If you mostly
deal with off-roading like rocks or in the woods then we
suggest you should go for a 4WD vehicle as it enhances the
grip. The 4WD system is also used in pickup trucks where
users sometimes need to tow objects. On the other hand,
AWD is better when there are bad weather conditions,
especially the snowy or wet roads. AWD system generally
improves the traction of the car and prevents slipping and
instability during cornering. In short, 4WD vehicles are
generally designed for off-roading purposes whereas AWD
cars are designed for better traction, grip, and handling on
normal roads during bad weather conditions.