Transmission

System
TORNEROS, Paul Adriane T.
HERERRA, Miguel 1
MALABANAN, Cristopher
• TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
• MANUAL TRANSMISSION
• CLUTCH
• GEAR BOX
• DOG CLUTCH
• DIFFERENTIAL
• AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

Introduction to
Transmission System 2
The mechanism that transmits the power developed by the
engine of automobile to the engine to the driving wheels is
called the
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM (or POWER TRAIN).It is
composed of
• Clutch
• The gear box
• Propeller shaft
• Universal joints
• Rear axle
• Wheel
• Tyres

Transmission System 3
The transmission is a device that is connected to the back of the
engine. It transmits mechanical power from the engine to the
drive wheels. The transmission is used to reduce the
revolutions of the crankshaft down to a reasonable value by
using interlocking gears to reduce the number of revolutions.
By doing so, it makes more effective usage of the engine's
torque and helps to keep the engine operating at an appropriate
speed.

Transmission System 4
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• Provide means of connection and disconnection of engine
with rest of power train without shock and smoothly.
• Enable power transmission at varied angles and varied
lengths.
• Enable speed reduction between engine and the drive
wheels in the ratio of 5:1.
• Enable diversion of power flow at right angles.
• Provide means to drive the driving wheels at different
speeds when required.

Requirements of
Transmission System 6
• A clutch is a mechanical device which engages and disengages
power transmission especially from driving shaft to driven
shaft. In the simplest application, clutches connect and
disconnect two rotating shafts (drive shafts or line shafts).
• Clutch is located between engine and gear box. When the
clutch is engaged, the power flows from the engine to the rear
wheels through the transmission system and the vehicle moves
• When the clutch is disengaged ,the power is not transmitted to
the rear wheels and the vehicle stops, while the engine is still
running.

Clutch 7
• Starting the engine,
• Shifting the gears,
• Idling the engine

NOTE : Clutch is engaged only when the vehicle is to

move and is kept engaged when the vehicle is moving.

Clutch is disengaged
when: 8
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• Gear boxes can do three things. They are often called
transmissions. They can change the rotational rate of a
shaft. In a car, that would be the main shaft in the engine
to the drive shaft that puts power to the wheels.

Gear Box 11
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• A dog clutch is a type of clutch that couples two rotating
shafts or other rotating components not by friction but by
interference. The two parts of the clutch are designed
such that one will push the other, causing both to rotate at
the same speed and will never slip.

Dog Clutch 13
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• Differential gear, in automotive mechanics, gear
arrangement that permits power from the engine to be
transmitted to a pair of driving wheels, dividing the force
equally between them but permitting them to follow
paths of different lengths, as when turning a corner or
traversing an uneven road.

The Differential 15
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• A manual transmission, also known as a manual
gearbox, a standard transmission or colloquially in
some countries (e.g. the United States) as a stick shift, is
a type of transmission used in motor vehicle applications.
It uses a driver-operated clutch, usually engaged and
disengaged by a foot pedal or hand lever, for regulating 
torque transfer from the engine to the transmission; and a 
gear selector that can be operated by hand or foot.

Manual Transmission 17
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• An automatic transmission changes the gear ratios
automatically, thus relieving the driver from having to
shift gears manually and stepping on the clutch while
shifting. The more gears the transmission has, the
smoother the acceleration of the vehicle.

Automatic Transmission 20
• Automatic transmissions are easy to use. However, in the
past, some automatic transmissions of this type have had
a number of problems; they were complex and expensive,
sometimes had reliability problems (which sometimes
caused more expenses in repair), have often been less
fuel-efficient than their manual counterparts (due to
"slippage" in the torque converter), and their shift time
 was slower than a manual making them uncompetitive
for racing. With the advancement of modern automatic
transmissions this has changed.

Automatic Transmission 21
• Park(P) Selecting the Park mode locks the transmission, thus restricting
the vehicle from moving. It is recommended to use brakes which lock the
wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving, because regular usage of the
Park mode can damage the transmission. Always make sure that the vehicle
comes to a complete stop before shifting into Park.
• Reverse (R) Selecting the Reverse mode puts the car into reverse gear,
allowing the vehicle to drive backward. Always make sure that the vehicle
comes to a complete stop before shifting into Reverse.
• Neutral (N) Selecting the Neutral mode disconnects the transmission
from the wheel. Some drivers tend to shift to Neutral while waiting for the
traffic light to turn green. This is not recommended as changing gears from
Drive to Neutral frequently causes wear to the valves and clutch plates.

Stages of an Automatic
transmission 22
• Drive (D) Selecting the Drive mode allows the vehicle to
move and accelerate through a range of gears.
• Second gear (2) Selecting the "2" mode restricts the
transmission to second gear and cannot go beyond the
second gear. The transmission is unable to select any gear
higher than the second gear.
• First gear (1) Selecting the "1" mode restricts the
transmission in first gear and cannot go higher.

Stages of an Automatic
transmission 23
Automatic &
Semi Automatic 24
25

Manual transmission
• Vehicles with manual transmission
are usually cheaper .
• Manual transmission has better
fuel economy . This is because
manual transmission has better
mechanical and gear train
efficiency.
• Manual transmission offers the
driver more control of the vehicle.
Comparison between
Manual and Automatic
Automatic
transmission
• Vehicles with automatic transmission are
costlier than those of manual
transmission.
• Automatic transmission has not better
fuel economy . This is because automatic
transmission has not better mechanical
and gear train efficiency as compare to
those of automatic transmission.
• Automatic transmission does not offer the
driver more control of the vehicle as
compare to that of manual transmission
system.
26
• When you’re considering a new vehicle there are several
things to take into consideration. One of the most
important is to find the right drivetrain for you to find
new roads. Each has advantages and disadvantages and
it’s important to understand each in order to make the
right decision for you. The four different types of
drivetrain are all-wheel-drive (AWD), front wheel drive
(FWD), rear wheel drive (RWD), and 4WD (4 wheel
drive).

Understand the differences

in your vehicle’s drivetrain 27
• FWD means that the power from the engine is delivered
to the front wheels of your vehicle. With FWD, the front
wheels are pulling the car and The rear wheels don’t
receive any power on their own. The pros of a FWD
vehicle are that they typically gets better fuel economy
and emits less carbon dioxide. Since the weight of the
engine is located over the driving wheels, a FWD vehicle
can maintain better traction in the snow. However,
performance enthusiasts have claimed FWD vehicles are
less fun to drive.

Front Wheel Drive 28

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• RWD means that the power from the engine is delivered to
the rear wheels and the rear wheels push the car forward. The
front wheels do not receive any power and are free to
manoeuvre the vehicle. Due to the weight of a RWD vehicle
being more evenly spread than a FWD vehicle, creates a
better balance of weight. This is why most sports cars such as
the Corvette and Camaro are RWD and are more exciting to
drive. The disadvantage of a RWD vehicle are that they do
not perform well in poor weather conditions such as rain or
snow because they are more prone to loss of traction on slick
roads.

Rear Wheel Drive 30

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• 4WD means the power from the engine is delivered to all
4 wheels all of the time 4X4 is engaged and has an option
to operate in a RWD format to conserve fuel. The biggest
advantage of a 4WD vehicle is that it provides the
versatility and power to take on any terrain or weather
condition. The con of a 4WD vehicle is that it operates in
RWD format most of the time and has less traction then a
AWD vehicle.

Four Wheel Drive 32

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Tyre
A tyre is the outer part of
the wheel made up with
rubber and mostly use in
vehicles for smooth
movement
Difference between tyre
and wheel
Wheel
A wheel is a device that
allows heavy objects to be
moved easily through
rotating on an axle through
its centre, facilitating
movement
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