PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY

(DC 500)

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CEREBRAL PALSY PRESENTATION
GROUP 2

S/N PARTICIPANTS NAMES REGISTRATION

NUMBER
1. NIKOLAS SINDA 2019-04-13718
2. ASHERI SIMON 2019-04-13163
3. GASTO SILAYO 2019-04-13374
4. IGNAS SENKONDO 2019-04-13464

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 OUTLINE OF THIS PRESENTATION.

• Introduction
• Types of cerebral palsy
• Possible causes of cerebral palsy
• Management of cerebral palsy
• Oral health related challenges
• Specia consideration
• Oral health preventive strategies
• Conclusion
• Refferences 3
 INTRODUCTION
• Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of neurological disorders that affect
movement, balance, and posture. It is caused by damage or abnormal
development of the brain, usually before or during birth, although it can
also occur in early childhood.

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 INTRODUCTION CONT…

• Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood

• Recent population-based studies from around the world report

prevalence estimates of CP ranging from 1 to nearly 4 per 1,000 live
births or per 1,000 children

• The prevalence of CP is higher for children born preterm or at low

birthweight

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 TYPES OF CEREBRAL PALSY

• Spastic cerebral palsy

• Dyskinetic cerebral palsy
• Ataxic cerebral palsy
• Mixed cerebral palsy

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 SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSY

This is the most common type of cerebral palsy, affecting around 70-
80% of cases. Spastic cerebral palsy is characterized by stiff or tight
muscles, which can make movement difficult or painful. It can affect
one side of the body (hemiplegia), both legs (diplegia), or all four limbs
(quadriplegia). Spastic cerebral palsy can also affect other parts of the
body, such as the face or tongue, causing speech or swallowing
difficulties.

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 DYSKINETIC CEREBRAL PALSY

This type of cerebral palsy affects around 10-20% of cases. Dyskinetic

cerebral palsy is characterized by involuntary movements, which can be
slow and writhing (athetosis) or rapid and jerky (chorea). These
movements can affect the arms, legs, and face, and can be exacerbated
by stress, excitement, or fatigue. Dyskinetic cerebral palsy can also
affect speech and swallowing and may cause breathing difficulties.

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 ATAXIC CEREBRAL PALSY

This type of cerebral palsy is less common, affecting around 5-10% of

cases. Ataxic cerebral palsy is characterized by poor balance and
coordination, which can make movements unsteady and shaky. It can
affect the arms, legs, and trunk, and can cause difficulties with fine
motor skills, such as writing or buttoning clothes. Ataxic cerebral palsy
can also affect speech and eye movements

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 MIXED CEREBRAL PALSY

This type of cerebral palsy involves a combination of spastic, dyskinetic,

and/or ataxic features. Mixed cerebral palsy can have a wide range of
symptoms and severity, depending on the types of motor impairments
involved.

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 POSSIBLE CAUSES OF CEREBRAL PALSY

• Prenatal factors

• Perinatal factors

• Postnatal factors

• Other causes

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 PRENATAL CAUSES

Cerebral palsy can be caused by factors that affect brain development

during pregnancy, such as infections cought during pregnancy eg

cytomegalovirus, rubella, chickenpox or toxoplasmosis, Stroke in the

womb, maternal health conditions, and exposure to toxins or drugs eg

coaine, alcohol and cigarette smoking,

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 PERINATAL CAUSES

Brain damage can occur during childbirth due to prolonged labor,

asphyxia (lack of oxygen), trauma,instrument delivery, premature

birth/delayed birth, cord entanglement, low/high birth weigh.

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 POST-NATAL CAUSES

Cerebral palsy can also be caused by brain damage that occurs after

birth, such as from CNS infections eg meningitis, encephalitis head

trauma, Neonatal hyperbillurubinemia, seizures and coagulopathies,

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 OTHER CAUSES

In some cases, the cause of cerebral palsy is not known, and it may be

due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors that interact

in complex ways.

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 MANAGEMENT OF CEREBRAL PALSY

• Medication (drugs) to control seizures, alleviate pain, or relax muscle spasms.

•
• Physical therapy.
•
• Speech therapy.
•
• Botulinum toxin injection (Botox) to relax spastic muscles
•
• Surgery to correct anatomical abnormalities or release tight muscles.
•
• Braces and other orthotic devices; rolling walkers.
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 ORAL HEALTH CHALLENGES FACED BY
CEREBRAL PALSY PATIENTS
• Poor oral hygiene which led to periodontal conditions
• Dental caries
• Malocclusion
• Bruxism
• Oral motor dysfunction
• Dental anxiety

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 SPECIAL CONSIDERATION FOR CARE WHEN
ATTENDING A CEREBRAL PALSY PATIENT
• Make necessary accommodation eg
wheelchair .
• Ensure proper communication with
patient and caregivers.
• Use appropriate sedation if
necessary depending on the level of
anxiety of the children.
• Good assistance to aspirate away
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secretions and dental debris.
 CONT...
• Focus on prevention.
• Ensure the good practical demonstration of various procedures
like toothbrushing.

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CONT…

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 PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES TO SUPPORT
ORAL HEALTH FOR PATIENTS WITH
CEREBRAL PALSY
• Accessible dental care and accommodations for patients with
disabilities
• Support for oral hygiene and self-care at home
• Use of adaptive devices and techniques for brushing and flossing
• Prevention and treatment of dental caries and periodontal disease
• Regular dental check ups
• Collaboration between dental and medical professionals

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 CONCLUSION
People with Cerebral Palsy face unique challenges when it comes to oral
health due to muscular and skeletal abnormalities, salivary gland
dysfunction, and an increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease.
However, there are strategies for improving oral health in this population,
including accessible dental care, support for oral hygiene at home, the use
of adaptive devices and techniques, and collaboration between dental and
medical professionals. Addressing oral health in people with Cerebral Palsy
is crucial for overall health and quality of life. Further research and
advocacy are needed to ensure that people with disabilities receive the
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necessary oral health care they require.
 REFERENCES

• Pedriatric dentistry a clinical approach third edition by Goran Koch

2017

• Cerebral palsy and Oral Health Issues https://ralpalsyguidance.com

• American academy of pediatrics healthy children / cerebral palsy

http://www.Healthychildren.Org/english/health-issues/conditions/developmental
-disabilities/pages/cerebral-palsy.Aspxexternal icon

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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

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