Active Body Control

ACTIVE BODY
CONTROL
By John Kungu Kihara

CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. What is ABC?
3. History and Development
4. System Overview
5. System Design
6. Hydraulic Components
7. Electrical Components
8. System Functions

CONTENT
9. Advantages and Disadvantages
10. Safety and Precaution

1. INTRODUCTION
I. What is Suspension?
II. How a shock absorber works (Hydraulic Damper)
III. Vehicle Body Movements
IV. Active and Passive Suspension

I. What is Suspension?
• Suspension is the system of springs, shock absorbers and
linkages that connect a vehicle to its wheels and allows
relative motion between the two.
• This system must support road handling and ride quality;
which are odds with each other

II. How a Shock Absorber Works
• A shock absorber controls the spring oscillation by converting
kinetic energy to heat energy thus reduce the springs’ oscillation.
• Oil contained in one side of the cylinder is passed through
constricted pores and valves to the other cylinder via a piston.
• They work in two cycles;
Rebound or Compression
Bump or Extension

III. Vehicle Body Movements
• As a vehicle moves, its body experiences different types movements
from different axis
• These body movements occur about the following axis;
‒ Longitudinal Axis – Motive force, Braking force and Friction force
‒ Transversal Axis – Centrifugal force, Wind force and Lateral force
‒ Vertical Axis – Wheel load acting of road surface

Body Roll
• This is the tipping movement about the longitudinal axis either to
the left or right.
• When a vehicle is taking a turn, the load tends to be transferred
to the outside of a turn.

Yawing
• This is the rotational motion of the vehicle about its vertical axis .

Diving and Squatting
• Diving is a movement experienced when the brakes are applied and
weight is transferred from the rear of the vehicle to the front causing
the front to pitch forward.
• Whenever accelerated, the vehicle has a tendency to pitch up and the
rear end is pushed down. This is known as squatting.
• This happens because of change of inertia.

Bouncing
• Bouncing is the up and down movement of the vehicle on the vertical
axis.

IV. Active and Passive Suspension
ACTIVE SUSPENSION
• This is a type of suspension that controls the vertical movement of
the wheels relative to the vehicle body, with aid of a system.
PASSIVE SUSPENSION
• This is a type of suspension system where the vertical movement of
the wheels is determined by the road surface.
• This is the conventional suspension system.

2. WHAT IS ABC?
I. Definition
II. Functions

I. Definition
• Active Body Control or ABC is a name used to describe hydraulic
fully active suspension.
• ABC allows control of the vehicle body motions and therefore
virtually eliminates vehicle body movements in many driving
situations including cornering, accelerating and braking.

II. Functions
• The primary functions of a suspension system include;
‒ Maximizing the contact between the tires and road surface.
‒ Providing good steering stability and handling
‒ Evenly support the weight of the vehicle.

• The ABC has the following additional functions;
‒ Level adjustment enables manual and speed-dependent automatic
raising/lowering of the vehicle
‒ Ensures vehicle level remains constant but independently adjusting
both the front and rear axles
‒ A load comparison function enables a system adjustment to adapt to
the handling of the load

3. HISTORY AND
DEVELOPMENT
I. When it all began
II. Types and names given to these systems

I. When it all began
• With Mercedes Benz launching the 1963 600 with the air
suspension and the 1974 450SEL 6.9 with the hydropneumatic
suspension, Mercedes Benz continued experimenting for the
ultimate suspension with good handling and ride comfort.
• In 1996, Daimler Benz unveiled the Mercedes Benz F 200 coupe
concept at the Paris Motor Show.
• This was the first car to have the ABC but since it was a concept
car, they later released a production version at the Geneva Motor
Show in 1999

• The Mercedes Benz CL-Class C215 was the first production car
to have the Active Body Control.

II. Types and names given to these
systems
• 1955 Citroën DS had hydropneumatic suspension designed by Paul
Magès - the first car with height adjustable suspension and self-
levelling suspension.
• 1962 Mercedes-Benz W112 platform featured an air suspension on
the 300SE model and the 1963 Mercedes-Benz 600 model
• 1975 Mercedes-Benz 450SEL 6.9 with fully hydropneumatic
suspension similar in technology, but not geometry, to Citroën
design
• 1979 Mercedes-Benz W126 then new S class had even more
sophisticated height adjustable suspension and self-levelling
suspension.
• 1984 Mercedes-Benz W124 selected models of E class had this
technology (rear only hydraulic suspension) height adjustable
suspension and self-levelling suspension
• 1999 Mercedes-Benz CL-Class C215 introduces Active Body
Control.
• 2007, the Mercedes-Benz F700 concept introduced the PRE-
SCAN suspension, an early prototype road scanning suspension,
using lidar sensors, based on Active Body Control

• 2013 the new Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222) introduced the
series production version of PRE-SCAN, but with a stereo camera
instead of laser projectors and called it Magic Body Control
• 2014 the new C217 S-Class Coupe introduced an update to Magic
Body Control, called Active Curve Tilting

4. SYSTEM OVERVIEW
• Mercedes Benz are notorious for their smooth ride quality.
Bumps and potholes just don’t bother passengers in Mercedes
vehicles like they do in other cars.
• Since suspension is a matter of compromise, best ride quality led
to sloppy handling in corners and agile handling led to poor ride
quality.
• So, how does Mercedes Benz do it?

SYSTEM OVERVIEW…
• A computer detects body movement and controls the action of
the active element with hydraulic servomechanism
• The hydraulic pressure to the servo is supplied by a high pressure
radial piston pump
• More than 13 sensors monitor body movements and vehicle
level and supply the ABC Control unit with new data every 10
milliseconds
• The struts have hydraulic cylinders that react to bumps making
the assembly to be shorter or longer. This causes the tire and
wheel to move without the body moving as much.
5. SYSTEM DESIGN
• For vehicles with the Active Body Control, each wheel is mounted to a
suspension strut consisting of a vibration damper and a helical spring.
• The plunger is a dynamically adjustable hydraulic cylinder which is
able to generate forces which counteract wheel or body movements.
• To do this, the plunger moves the base of the helical spring and
changes the tension.
• The Active Body Control is fully a hydraulic system that has electrical
system incorporated to aid functionality of the system.
• Therefore, the components are divided into hydraulic and electrical

6. HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS
I. Hydraulic Pump
II. Strut
III. Oil Reservoir
IV. Oil Cooler
V. Pressure Reservoirs
VI. Valve Units
VII.Pressure Supply Valve Unit
VIII.Pulsation Damper
HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS…
IX. Return Flow pressure reservoir
X. Bleed Screws

I. Hydraulic Pump
• The hydraulic pump is a radial piston type pump used to generate
hydraulic pressure in the system.
• It is directly driven by the engine via a single belt along with the
power steering pump.
• The hydraulic fluid is suctioned from the oil reservoir then
pumped to the circuit at a pressure of 180 to 200 bars.
• The pump’s maximum delivery rate is approximately 11 litres per
minute.

• Its located on the left side of the engine close to the power
steering pump

Suction Restrictor Valve
• This is a hydraulic component installed in the hydraulic pump and
is actuated by a PWM signal from the ABC Control Unit.
• Its main function is to regulate the intake quantity of the hydraulic
oil to be pumped via a bore thus regulating the pressure
• This valve is closed when de-energized.

II. Strut
• A strut is simply an assembly of a hydraulic damper and coil
spring. The coil spring supports the weight of the vehicle and
absorbs large bumps while the main function of the damper is to
dampen vibration.
• However, the struts found in vehicles with ABC are slightly
modified and have a hydraulic cylinder at the top along with
hydraulic oil connection.
• The hydraulic cylinder can have different volumes of oil to bring
about variance in the length of the suspension strut

Strut…
• The ABC strut carries out suspension, damping, ride height regulation
and ride height adjustment.

III. Oil Reservoir
• The hydraulic oil reservoir is mounted in the engine compartment
on the inner wing and is filled with special oil.
• A dip stick is included for checking the oil level and the reservoir
also houses a return-flow filter with a pressure bypass valve.

IV. Oil Cooler
• The hydraulic oil cooler is located in front of the right air conditioner
condenser.
• Its located upstream to the oil reservoir in the return line circuit and
prevents the oil from being too hot
• The hydraulic oil is however suitable for extreme conditions and
situations.

V. Pressure Reservoir
• The vehicle has one pressure reservoir on each axle. The front
pressure reservoir is located under the car towards the front and
the rear pressure reservoir is located at the rear.
• They contain a gas chamber separated from the oil by a
diaphragm. The reservoirs absorb pressure pulses and provide a
small store of hydraulic pressure for after the engine is switched
off.

VI. Valve Units
• The front valve unit is located in the front left wheelhouse and
the rear valve unit is located in the left vehicle floor in front of
the rear axle with the fuel package.
• In operation, both work identically and control the flow of oil to
and from the suspension strut hydraulic cylinders.
• They are both visible from under the vehicle

Valve Units…
• Each valve unit assembly contains four solenoid-operated valves. Two
per suspension strut.
• All valves can be operated separately and when without voltage, they
are closed.
• They also have an integrated pressure limiting valve.

Operation of Valve Units
Blocking Valve
• One valve is a straight forward blocking valve. Its either open or
closed
• The blocking valve is closed when de-energized. It additionally
prevents the struts from leaking incase there is a leakage or
pressure loss in the system

Operation of Valve Units
3-Position Type
• The other valve is a three-position type valve. The valve is actuated
using PWM signals

Operation of 3-
Position Valve
When the valve is moved to
this position, it allows oil
under pressure to flow from
the supply line into the
suspension strut hydraulic
cylinder.

Operation of 3-
Position Valve
Moving it to this position,
it allows oil to flow out of
the hydraulic cylinder and
back into the return line

Operation of 3-
Position Valve
In this position, the
valve closed off the flow
of oil to the hydraulic
cylinder in the strut.
When de-energized, all
valves are closed and oil
can neither enter nor
leave the cylinders.

VII. Pressure Supply Valve Unit
• The pressure supply valve unit is located on the right of the vehicle
floor behind the front axle carrier.
• It regulates the hydraulic pressure in the system and has an
integral emergency relief valve.
• It also has a pressure sensor to monitor the hydraulic pressure.

VIII. Pulsation Damper
• The pulsation damper is located on the end of the valve unit
and it reduces pressure pulses in the hydraulic circuit

IX. Return Flow Pressure Reservoir
• The return flow pressure reservoir is similar to the pulsation
damper and the pressure reservoirs.
• It contains a gas chamber and diaphragm and its task is to reduce
pressure peaks in the hydraulic return line.
• Its mounted close to the rear axle valve unit.

X. Bleed Screw
• The two screws in the front axle line and the two screws in the
rear axle allow hydraulic pressure to be released from the system
for repair purposes.
• They also provide a means to bleed the system of any air if
necessary.

7. ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
• If you imagine the hydraulic components as muscles, then the
electrical components are like the nerves.
• They monitor the vehicle suspension movements and decide on
the counteractive action to take.
• They include:
I. ABC Control Unit
II. Pressure sensor
III. Valve unit with Pressure sensor
IV. Level sensor
ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS…
V. Lateral and Longitudinal acceleration sensor
VI. Body acceleration sensor
VII. Level adjustment button
VIII. Comfort/Sport Switch
IX. Spring travel sensor
X. Instrument cluster
XI. Steering angle sensor
XII. Wheel speed sensor
XIII. Oil Temperature Sensor
XIV. Brake light switch By John Kungu Kihara
I. ABC Control Unit
• The ABC control unit is the brain of the system. It collects data
from the vehicle sensors and driver’s switches. It then generates
output commands form the actuators.
• The control unit receives some input signals directly and others
like those from the drivers switches are received via the CAN.
• It is located between the steering column and left side of the
instrument cluster

INPUT SIGNALS
• Calculation of body vertical acceleration
- Body acceleration sensors signal
• Calculation of vehicle speed
- Wheel rpm signal
- Rpm status signal
• Calculation of valve control
-Front left axle, front right axle level signals
-Rear left and right axle level signal
-Front left and right axle suspension strut movement signal
-Rear left and right axle suspension strut movement signal
• Calculation of longitudinal and lateral acceleration
- Longitudinal acceleration sensor signal
- Lateral acceleration sensor signal
• Calculation of pitch motion
- Longitudinal acceleration sensor signal
• Calculation of rolling motion
- Lateral acceleration sensor signal

• Calculation of ABC suction restrictor valve actuation
- System pressure signal
• Calculation of vehicle level
- Wheel-wise level sensors signal
• Information signals (operation)
- Comfort and Sport switch signal
- Level regulation switch signal
- Door contact, luggage compartment switch signal, remote
control

II. Pressure Sensor
• The pressure sensor is located in the pressure supply valve unit. It
informs the ABC control unit on the hydraulic system’s operation
pressure.
• There are also more pressure sensors integrated in both valve
units. The diaphragm found in the sensor is what is used along
with silicon semiconductors, to record the pressure.
• The output signals from the semiconductor are processed on a
printed circuit board integrated in the sensor housing.

III. Level Sensor
• The level sensor records the height of the body in respect to the
road surface. The ABC control unit uses their signal to calculate
the overall length of the suspension struts.
• They are found adjacent to each suspension strut and are
operated via a linkage by the movement of the suspension.

Level Lowering during idle time
• It is possible that the vehicle level will sink after a certain period.
However, this sinking is still within tolerances with the following
factors:
(i) Due to temperature differences
If the vehicle is stopped with a heated ABC system, the oil will
cool, resulting in a volume change in the enclosed oil. This volume
change can result in a uniform sinking by up to 20 mm, depending
on the temperature difference.
(ii) The vehicle may uniformly sink by up to 30 mm within a 4-
week idle time period.
IV. Lateral and Longitudinal
Acceleration Sensor
LATERAL ACCELERATION SENSOR
• Lateral acceleration is a transverse force which occurs in curves.
The lateral acceleration sensor is located in the interior on the
left side of transmission tunnel.
• The lateral acceleration sensor records lateral acceleration of the
vehicle body.

LONGITUDINAL ACCELERATION SENSOR
• Longitudinal acceleration is the rate of change in a straight line. The
longitudinal acceleration sensor is located on the right hand footwell
on the cross member under the front seat.
• The longitudinal acceleration sensor records longitudinal acceleration.

How it works
• An acceleration sensor is basically an accelerometer. The
accelerometer is a device that is used to measure rate of change of
velocity by using mass.
• Some use the piezoelectric effect. They contain small piezo crystal
structures that get stressed by accelerative forces, which cause
voltage to be generated.

V. Body Acceleration Sensors
• The body acceleration sensors measure the vertical rate of change
of the vehicle body with two of them at the front and one at the
rear.
• The two at the front are located on either side of the engine
compartment close to the top of the suspension strut towers.
• The rear body acceleration sensor is located in the trunk on the
right inner spring tower.

VI. Level Adjustment Button
• The level adjustment switch is located on the dash panel and
enables the driver to raise the vehicle above the normal level, in
two stages.
• Its signals are evaluated by the upper control panel control unit
then the signals are sent to the COMAND control unit via the
interior CAN.
• The COMAND control unit the sends the signal via interior CAN
to central gateway control unit. From there, the signal is sent to
the ABC control unit via CAN C.

Level Adjustment Button…
• If pressed once, the level rises by 25mm and if pressed twice, it rises
by another 25mm

VII. Comfort/Sport Switch
• The comfort/sport switch is located next to the level adjustment
button on the dash panel
• The switch instructs the ABC control unit to select the either the
comfort or sport damping settings.
• Its signals are evaluated by the upper control panel control unit then
the signals are sent to the COMAND control unit via the interior CAN.
• The COMAND control unit the sends the signal via interior CAN to
central gateway control unit. From there, the signal is sent to the
ABC control unit via CAN.
• The ABC then chooses a map based on the drivers demand.
VIII. Spring Travel Sensor
• The spring travel sensor, located in the piston rod of each suspension
strut identifies whether the spring is compressing or expanding by
measuring the position of the piston rod.
• The sensor output values are always normalized to maximum to
reduce variations.

image

How The Spring Travel Sensor Works
• A wire that is designated as a waveguide (a) is surrounded by a
movable position magnet (f).
• The position to be measured is marked by the current location of the
position magnet. The position magnet generates a longitudinal
magnetic field (b) at its position in the waveguide.

How The Spring Travel Sensor Works…
• All material that is located between the magnet and the waveguide
(piston rod) must be antimagnetic.
• A short current pulse (e) is sent through the waveguide for
measurement. This results in a second magnetic field (c) appearing
radially around the waveguide.

• A new direction of magnetizing results at the location of the position
magnet by overlaying the longitudinal magnetic field (from the
position magnet) and the vertical radial magnetic field (from the
current pulse).
• The effect of this is a short-term distortion of the waveguide, which
triggers a torsion pulse (d).

• The torsion pulse undulates with a fixed dispersion speed towards the
end of the waveguide where a torsion wave receiver (g) is located.
• The position of the magnet is determined by the runtime of the
torsion wave between the exciting current pulse and the receiver
pulse.

• The torsion pulse converter sends the measured results to the ABC
control unit in the form of an electrical signal.
• The real plunger travel on the front axle and rear axle is different and
always less than the measuring range of the plunger travel sensors.
• The control unit has to take the actual possible adjusting range into
consideration during plunger movement.

IX. Instrument Cluster
• The digital instrument cluster is a set of instrumentation displayed
with a digital readout.
• The instrument cluster is located in the interior of the vehicle,
behind the steering wheel.

X. Steering Angle Sensor
• The steering angle sensor is integrated in the steering column
module (SCM) and has its own CAN bus interface.
• The sensor detects the momentary steering wheel position and
passes it over the CAN bus to the control unit.
• The control unit needs the angle to determine the lateral
acceleration working on the vehicle and to identify steering
criteria.

XI. Wheel Speed Sensor
• The wheel speed sensor informs the ABC control unit of the
vehicle’s speed via CAN bus. However, this information is passed
through the ESP control unit first.
• The speed-dependent level lowering function is determined by
the information received from the wheel speed sensor.

XII. Oil Temperature Sensor
• The PTC oil temperature sensor is used to monitor the hydraulic
oil in the hydraulic circuit. Its located in the return circuit
upstream the oil cooler.

XIII. Brake Light switch
• The brake switch is used to inform the ABC system via the CAN C,
of the drivers intent to slow down.
• Brake applications influence the pitch motion that the ABC
counters.

8. SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
I. Automatic Ride Height Control
II. Manual Ride Height Control
III. Self Levelling
IV. Sleep Mode
V. Pitching
VI. Rolling
VII. Bouncing
VIII. Sport Mode
General Functionality
• A radial piston pump is used for the pressure supply. The hydraulic
fluid is sucked from the oil reservoir. A suction restrictor valve fitted to
the pump regulates the intake volume and thus the pressure.
• The oil quantity is determined in dependence of the vehicle situation.
• The oil is conveyed to the pressure supply valve unit from the pump.
A pulsation damper fitted to this valve unit compensates the
vibrations of the hydraulic system.
• A pressure limiting valve in the valve unit prevents a pressure rise
above 200 bar. Pressure peaks are fed directly in the return line and
eliminated.
General Functionality…
• After the pressure supply valve unit, the pressure is fed to the ABC
front and rear axle valve units. There, the oil is fed to the hydraulic
cylinders in the suspension struts as required.
• Two pressure reservoirs ensure the system pressure demands will be
easily met at any time.
• Surplus oil flows back through the return line via an oil cooler and an
oil filter into the oil reservoir.
• There is a return flow reservoir fitted in the return line to take the oil
flowing back and for the reduction of pressure peaks.

General Functionality…
• A preload valve is fitted in the return line which ensures a minimum
pressure of 10 bar in the return when the engine is running.
• When the engine is stationary the pressure falls to 0 bar and takes
place via a bypass bore (approx. 5-10 minutes).

I. Automatic Ride Height Control
• The vehicle’s ride height may vary automatically depending on
the speed.
• The distance that the vehicle body is lowered or raised is
dependent on vehicle speed and the setting of the drivers level
control switch.
• As the vehicle speed increases, the vehicle body is lowered and
is raised once the vehicle slows down
• This improves the handling of the vehicle and reduces air
resistance thus better fuel economy.
Normal Setting

II. Manual Ride Height Control
• The driver has the ability to raise the level of the car in two
stages for poor road conditions.
• This function can allow the automatic ride height control to take
place, but it will behave in a slightly different manner
• The level switch aids this control and has LEDs that illuminate to
inform the driver if the car is raised.

III. Self Levelling
• Change in load of a vehicle usually results in a change to the
vehicles ride height but with ABC, the characteristic is eliminated
due to the self levelling function
• The car not only self levels at the rear, but at the front and from
side to side too.

UNLOADING
• Removing load caused the spring of the strut to expand again
and rear of the vehicle to rise.
• The movement of the vehicle body is detected and reported to
the ABC control unit.
• Oil is then allowed to return from the hydraulic cylinders of the
strut until the vehicles correct level is restored.

LOADING
• Loading the vehicle causes it to lower and the springs to be
compressed because of the weight
• The level sensors detect this movement and report it to the ABC
control unit.
• Oil is then pumped to the relevant hydraulic cylinders to increase
the volume and the vehicle is pushed up to its original level

IV. Sleep Mode
• When the engine is switched off, the ride height previously set by
the driver is recorded in the ABC control unit.
• After a minute or so, the ABC switches to sleep mode to ensure
the battery doesn’t drain and from there on, only a limited
number of operations are made possible

• Sleep mode can be woken up by signals from:
Keyless Go
Remote Control
Luggage compartment lid
Door switches

V. Pitching
• The term pitching refers to a vehicles tendency to dive during
braking and squat during acceleration.
• This happens because weight is transferred from the front to the
back or vice versa and compresses the springs
• However, ABC eliminates this phenomenon

Braking
• As the vehicle brakes, the rear struts start to expand and the
front struts compress.
• The instant this starts to occur, the ABC control unit detects the
movement by means of signals from the sensors and from
additional information from different systems like brake moment
via the CAN bus
• To counteract this, the ABC must add oil to the front struts and
release oil in the rear struts.

Valve Operation Front

Valve Operation Rear

VI. Rolling
• Assuming the vehicle is taking a left turn bend, the vehicle will
roll to the right
• What do you think will happen?

VII. Bouncing
• The tendency for the vehicle to bounce as a result of rough road
surfaces is reduced with ABC
• As the road wheel passes over a bump, the spring is first
compressed as it absorbs the shock.
• The spring needs to release its energy by expanding and as it
starts to expand to push the car upwards, the ABC control unit
detects this movement
• The control unit then operated the respective cut off valve and
the 3-position valve is operated to release oil from the hydraulic
cylinder of the strut
Bouncing…
• As the spring compresses, the vehicle body would drop.
• Before the vehicle drops, the ABC control unit detects the start of
the body movement and operates the 3-position valve to allow
oil into the hydraulic cylinder of the strut
• The vehicle thus remains level and bouncing is virtually
eliminated.
• However, ABC can only reduce body oscillations of up to 5Hz and
oscillations above this are dealt with by the lower spring in the
struts
VIII. Sport Mode
• The ABC system allows the driver to choose between two settings.
Comfort
Sport
• These settings are selected by the sport switch located on the
dashboard
• Activation of this switch changes the characteristics of the ABC
control unit and uses a different map that changes the parameters
for the operation of the front and rear valve assemblies.

• In sport mode, suspension movements become stiffer and are
better suited to a dynamic driving style

Lock Position
• This is a function of the ABC control unit that prevents the actuation
of the hydraulic plungers.
• The lock position is not activated via a locking switch, but by
software that detects relief on the wheel.
• Once detected, the plunger check valves are closed and the plunger
valves no longer actuated once lock position is set by the control
unit.
• The lock position is automatically deleted by the control unit under
specific conditions (e.g. vehicle speed > 0 km/h) and the normal
function scope started again.
9. ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
• Higher driving safety and ride comfort
• Adjustment of the suspension and damping to the road condition and
driving style.
• Better vibration comfort
• Smaller vertical body movements due to road influences.
• Reduced roll and pitch motion of the bodywork.
• Low air resistance and thus lower fuel consumption.
• Less lift on the front axle when accelerating
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES…
DISADVANTAGES
• High initial cost
• Malfunctioning can lead to a big collapse
• Require super quick micro computers

10. SAFETY AND
PRECAUTION
I. How to check and correct fluid level
II. Emergency Mode Buffer
III. Lock position

I. CHECK AND CORRECT
FLUID LEVEL
• Level adjustment switch in "normal level” position
• Ignition OFF
• Remove the cover with oil dipstick (2a), read the oil level after a rest period of
approx. 5 minutes.
• If the oil level is too low, determine the cause and correct the problem.
• Correctly adjust the oil level.
• Funnel with filter may not be used to fill other operating fluids. To avoid
damage to the ABC system caused by contamination, the funnel with filter must
be stored in a closed cabinet.
Correct measurement of the fluid level is possible only if vehicle is unloaded
and ready to drive.
II. Emergency Mode Buffer
• Emergency mode buffers are available to maneuver vehicles with a
suspension system in the event of sinking (leakage).

III. Additional things to note
• When the driver switches the ignition on, LEDs in both the sport
mode switch and level control come on to indicate to the driver that
the system is functional
• Oil is maintenance free
• Uses same oil as power steering
• Thoroughly clean component before opening
• Check oil level before carrying out any repair procedure
• Relieve hydraulic pressure before opening any connection

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By John Kungu Kihara

By John Kungu Kihara

By John Kungu Kihara

By John Kungu Kihara

By John Kungu Kihara

By John Kungu Kihara