TCP/IP Protocol Suite

IP- Internetworking Protocol

 TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Network Layer or Internet Protocol:
Protocol Data Unit of IP => Datagram
Connectionless Protocol
Datagram 3

Datagram 1

Datagram 2
Host-to-Host Protocol
TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Network Layer Protocols
 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a mechanism
used by hosts and gateways to send notification of datagram
routing problems back to the sender.
 Internet Group Message Protocol (IGMP) is used to
facilitate the simultaneous transmission of a message to a
group of recipients. (Multitasking)
 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) : Helps IP,
to get IP address of Host
 Address Resolution Protocol : (ARP) is used find the
physical address of the node when its Internet address is
known.
 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) allows a host
to discover its Internet address when its physical address is
known.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Transport Layer
PDU of Transport Layer: Segment / User
Datagram
The Transport Layer Protocols , responsible for
delivery of message from process to process
1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
2. User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Transport Layer Protocol
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Connection Oriented
DATA SEGMETS

Provides Flow Control, Error Control, Congestion

Control
Each Segment includes a sequence number
TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Transport Layer Protocol
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Connectionless Protocol
USER DATAGRAM 3

USER DATAGRAM 1

USER DATAGRAM 3

DOES NOT Provides Flow Control, Error Control,

Congestion Control
TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Transport Layer Protocol
Stream Control Transmission Protocol
(SCTP) :
provides support for newer applications such
as voice over the Internet
combines the best features of UDP and TCP
 TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Application Layer
The application layer in TCP/IP is equivalent to
the combined session, presentation, and
application layers in the OSI model

 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) : accessing the World Wide Web (WWW).
 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) :in electronic mail (e-mail) service.
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) : transferring files from one host to another
 Terminal Network (TELNET) : accessing a site remotely.
 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) :to manage the Internet at global
and local levels.
 Domain Name System (DNS) : by other protocols to find the network-layer address
of a computer.
TCP/IP and OSI model
 Addresses in TCP/IP

Any communication that involves two parties needs two

addresses: Source Address & Destination Address.
Four levels of addresses are used in an Internet
employing the TCP/IP protocols:
 Physical (Link) Addresses/ MAC Adddress
 Logical (IP) Addresses
 Port Addresses
 Specific Addresses
Relationship between the layer, the address used in
that layer, and the packet name at that layer in TCP/IP:
 Physical Address
The physical address, also known as the link
address, is the address of a node as defined by its
LAN or WAN.
It is included in the frame used by the data link
layer.
For example, Ethernet uses a 6-byte (48-bit)
physical address that is imprinted on the network
interface card (NIC).
07:01:02:01:2C:4B
A 6-byte (12 hexadecimal digits) physical address.
Destination Source Data Trailer
Address Address
 Logical Addresses
 At the network-layer, the addresses are
global, with the whole Internet as the scope.
 A universal address which identifies each
host in the Internet network uniquely,
regardless of the underlying physical
network.
Network ID Host ID
 Logical Addresses

Source Destination Data

Address Address
 Port Addresses
Computers run multiple processes at the
same time.
For these processes to receive data
simultaneously, we need a method to label the
different processes.
In the TCP/IP architecture, the label assigned
to a process is called a port address.
A port address in TCP/IP is 16 bits in length.
 Specific Addresses
Some applications have user-friendly
addresses that are designed for that
specific address.
the e-mail address
the Universal Resource Locator (URL)
for example, www.google.com).