1. Type of communication that uses spoken words.

A. Oral Communication
B. Written Comunication
C. Non-verbal communication
D. Formal communication
2. Broadly defined as data, knowledge, or instructions through
signals or symbols.
E. Communication
F. Media
G. Information
H. Technology
3. This is the type of communication practiced in corporate meetings,
conferences, academic seminars, political sessions, and juridical
proceedings.
A. Formal Communications
B. Informal communications
C. Verbal communication
D. Non-verbal communication
4. It refers to tools used by the source to disseminate information to the
receivers.
E. Information
F. Technology
G. Literacy
H. Media
5. It pertains to any information that is passed on through
communication.
A. Receiver
B. Media
C. Message
D. Source
6. It refers to the listener, reader, and viewer of the message.
E. Receiver
F. Media
G. Message
H. Source
7. The ability to access, analyse, evaluate, and communicate information in
a variety of forms, including print and non-print messages.
A. Information Literacy
B. Media Literacy
C. Technology Literacy
D. Communication Literacy
8. A set of abilities requiring individuals to “recognize when information is
needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate and use the needed
information effectively.”
A. Information Literacy
B. Media Literacy
C. Technology Literacy
D. Communication Literacy
9. The understanding of the concepts behind computing equipment, network
connectivity, and application software; the skills to responsibly use appropriate
technology to access, synthesize, evaluate, communicate, and create
information to solve problems and improve learning in all subject areas; and the
ability to acquire new knowledge for on-going and lifelong learning in the 21 st
century global workplace.
A. Information Literacy
B. Media Literacy
C. Technology Literacy
D. Communication Literacy
10. A form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally; word of
mouth and a piece of writing do communication.
A. Formal communication C. Verbal communication
B. Informal communication D. Non-verbal communication
1. ACQUAINTANCE
2. INTERMISSION
3. GUIUAN
4. ACCOMMODATE
5. GREET
6. PRIVILEGE
7. FURNITURE
8. CEMETERY
9. FUCHSIA
10. BOUGAINVILLEA
• Communication is said to be dynamic in nature.
• A communicator must have a full understanding of the
important role of each element in the communication.
• To be precise, the development of information and the
selection of medium are the two basic considerations of
a communicator in achieving effective communication.
The Agenda
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
• Describe how communication is affected by media and information
• Identify the similarities and differences of media literacy, information literacy, and
technology literacy
• Editorialize the value of being a media and information literate individual
• Identify characteristics and describe responsible uses and competent producers of
media and information
• Share to class media habits, lifestyle and preferences
• In the communication process,
participating individuals can be both Information can be
broadly defined as
sources of information and receiver of data, knowledge, or
instructions
information. through signals or
symbols.
• As a source, participants are considered
producers of information. The source
should consider these two key components Media are tools used
by the source to
in effective communication: disseminate
information to the
1. Development of information receivers. It can be
broadcast media, print
2. Selection of medium or media to be used media, new media and
non-traditional media.
in disseminating information
Receivers of
information should
know how to use media
in generating the needed
information, and at the
same time must be
critical in analyzing
information.
 The Concepts and
Nature of
Communication
 Communication is an essential skill that a man should enrich.
Through communications, people can express their thoughts,
positions and feelings; individuals can share ideas and views.

 Communication is simply the process of sharing messages

between human beings.
Types of Communication
A. According to channels used:
1. Verbal Communication
• Verbal communication refers to the form of communication in which message is
transmitted verbally; communication is done by word of mouth and a piece of writing
• Verbal Communication can be divided into two: oral communication and written
communication.
• Oral Communication – Spoken words are used. It includes face-to-face conversations,
speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television. In oral communication,
communication is influenced by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking.
 • Written Communication - A written message
may be printed or hand written. In written
communication, message can be transmitted
via email, letter, report, memo etc. The
Written communication
message, in written information is influenced
is the most common by the vocabulary and grammar used, writing
form of communication style, precision and clarity of the language
being used in business.
So, it is considered core used.
among business skills.
• Memos, reports, bulletins, job description,
employee manuals and electronic mail are
used for internal communication. E-mail,
Internet Web sites, letters, proposals,
telegrams, faxes, postcards, contracts,
advertisements, brochures are used for
external environment.
Non-verbal Communication
Nonverbal communication is the sending or receiving of wordless
messages. We can say that communication other than oral and written,
such as gesture, body language, posture, the tone of voice or facial
expressions, is called nonverbal communication. Nonverbal
communication is all about the body of language of the speaker.

Nonverbal communication has the following three elements:

1. Appearance – One’s appearance in nonverbal communication plays a significant
role in conveying the message. When someone speaks, the way he or she looks can
determine how a message will be received.
2. Body Language – The way one acts as he or she speaks, whether he’s fidgeting or
standing stolidly, the receiver adds that in the block of information to process.
3. Sounds – Tone, pace and volume are considered in understanding the true
meaning of what someone is saying.
Types of communication Based on Purpose and Style
1. Formal communication – mostly takes place in
professional settings. This is the type of communication
practiced in corporate meetings, conferences, academic
seminars, political sessions and juridical proceedings.
Due to formal nature, there is a great emphasis on
observing proper grammar and correct pronunciation.
Slang and foul language are strongly discouraged.
2. Informal Communication – most commonly used form
of communication. It takes place in our daily interactions
with one another. Simply put, informal communication is
casual talk.
The Communication Process
The idea of communication as information processing was firmly established by
Claude Shannon, Bell telephone company research scientist who developed a
mathematical theory of signal transmission. His theory focused on solving technical
problems with sound transfer instead of the meaning of a message or its effect on
the listener.
Information Destination
Source Transmitter Receiver

Signal Received
Signal

Message Message

Noise Source
1. The two participating individuals in communication
process.
2-3. Two types of communication
4-5. Two types of verbal communication.
6-8. Three elements in nonverbal communication
9. This is the type of communication practiced in
corporate meetings, conferences, academic seminars,
political sessions and juridical proceedings.
10. It takes place in our daily interactions with one
another. Simply put, it is casual talk.
18. _________ Transmitter Receiver 19. ________

Message Signal Received Message

Signal

20. ___________
14. I received a student manual from the
university I enrolled in. What type of
written communication is it?
15. I sent a solicitation letter to the
teachers in connection with the activity
that will be held in two weeks. What type
of written communication is it?
10. ACQUAINTANCE
9. INTERMISSION
8. GUIUAN
7. MISSISSIPPI
6. RESUME
5. RESERVOIR
4. CHANDELIER
3. PRIVILEGE
2. FUCHSIA
1. BOUGAINVILLEA`
 Did you believe
these news items
were true? How
did you know they
were true/false?
 “DepEd declared that
Senior High School will
be removed from the
curriculum.”
(Source: depedclick.com)
GROUP ACTIVITY:
1. Divide the learners into groups of four (4) members in a
group.
2. Assign one (1) term of the following terms to each group:
a. Technology Literacy
b. Media Literacy
c. Information Literacy
d. Media and Information Literacy
3. Have each group formulate their own definition of the term
assigned to them, and have each group present to the class.
What is LITERACY?
•the ability to read and write
•knowledge of a particular subject,
or a particular type of knowledge
The physical objects used to communicate
with, or the mass communication through
physical objects such as radio, television,
computers, film, etc. It also refers to any
physical object used to communicate
messages.
 What is
INFORMATION?
Information can be
broadly defined as
data, knowledge, or
instructions through
signals or symbols.
 What is MEDIA
LITERACY?

The National Association for

Media Literacy Education
(NAMLE USA) defines
Media Literacy as the ability
to access, analyse, evaluate
and communicate information
in a variety of forms,
including print and non-print
 Is INFORMATION
LITERACY?
The Association of College and Research Libraries
defined information literacy as a set of abilities
requiring individuals to “recognize when information
is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and
use the needed information effectively.”
 In a time when technological
advancements have brought an ever
growing amount of information,
people are drowning with way too
much data. While the abundance of
information may have many
advantages, verifying authenticity,
validity, and reliability, remains a
problem for all. Information literacy
helps solve that.
 is Technology Literacy?
• The New York State Education Department (NYSED) defines technology
literacy as the understanding of the concepts behind computing
equipment, network connectivity, and application software;
• the skills to responsibly use appropriate technology to access, synthesize,
evaluate, communicate, and create information to solve problems and
improve learning in all subject areas;
• and the ability to acquire new knowledge for on-going and lifelong
learning in the 21st century global workplace.
 is Media and Information Literacy?
•The essential skills and competencies that allow
individuals to engage with media and other
information providers effectively, as well as
develop critical thinking and life-long learning
skills to socialize and become active citizens.
Individuals can be benefited in
being a media and information
literate. Through media and
information literacy, individuals
can attain the following:
1. Significant improvement in
the quality of life
2. Greater political participation
3. Improved learning
environment
The Role of Media
and Information in
Effective
Communication
1. It makes the world a smaller place
• Brought people from different locations, background,
culture and race together.
• Dating websites
• Communication between two parties from the other side of
the world
• Created bridges between countries
2. It makes communication convenient
• With the existence of email and various messaging sites
and apps, communication has become faster and easier.
3. It shapes public opinion
• For example, a person who is already thinking about voting
for Miriam Santiago suddenly switch to Duterte, if he or
she hears that the latter is leading in polls.
The Media and Information Producers and
Users
• Various headhunter websites describe Media
Producers, as someone who oversees projects
(e.g. films, TV shows) from conception to
completion and may also be involved in the
marketing and distribution processes.
• In recent years, however, media producers
now include those who contribute intellectual
or creative content in both the traditional
media platforms (print, radio and TV) and
new media (internet).
• Media users refer to the audience or
consumers of media. They are the receivers of
information disseminated by media producers.
Producers and users of media
and information may have the
following purpose:
1.To inform
2.To educate
3.To entertain
4.To advocate
5.To promote business
6.To increase network
Terms and Definitions
PREFERENCE
• The selecting of someone or something over another
or others.
HABIT
• A recurrent, often unconscious pattern of behavior
that is acquired through frequent repetition.
LIFESTYLE
• A way of life or living of a person or group.
GROUP ACTIVITY:
1. Inform the learners that today’s topic embodies essential knowledge that should
allow users to engage with media and information channels in a meaningful
manner.
2. Instruct the learners to bring out a sheet of paper.
3. Direct the learners to think of the past week, and record their use and interaction
with media and information providers (such as internet, social media, TV, radio,
newspaper, etc.). Have them indicate how many hours were spent engaged with
each one. Remind them that these do not have to be exact, and they can estimate
the number of hours they spend each week.
4. Instruct the learners to prepare a report by answering the following questions:
• Which media provider did they spend the most time?
• What roles does media play in their lives? (leisure, learning, communication,
etc.)
5. Call learners to present to class their report.
Weekly Interaction Log with Information and
Information Providers
Media or Number of hours ROLE
Information in a week
Provider
Youtube 3 hours Entertainment,
Education
Facebook 7 hours Entertainment
Snapchat 2 hours Learning
 What are the characteristics
of:
RESPONSIBLE USERS?
COMPETENT PRODUCERS?
 What is the
message of this
poster?
Do you agree with
the message? Why
or why
 What is the
message of this
poster?
Do you agree with
the message? Why
or why
 What is the
message of this
poster?
Do you agree
with the
1. It refers to tools used by the source to disseminate information to the receivers.
2. It refers to the listener, reader, and viewer of the message.
3. Type of communication that uses spoken words.
4. The ability to access, analyse, evaluate and communicate information in a variety forms, including
print and non-print messages.
5. A form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally; word of mouth and a piece of
writing do communication.
6. The understanding of the concepts behind computing equipment, network connectivity, and
application software; the skills to responsibly use appropriate technology to access, synthesize,
evaluate, communicate, and create information to solve problems and improve learning in all subject
areas; and the ability to acquire new knowledge for on-going and lifelong learning in the 21 st century
global workplace.
7. Broadly defined as data, knowledge, or instructions through signals or symbols.
8. It pertains to any information that is passed on through communication.
9. A set of abilities requiring individuals to “recognize when information is needed and have the ability
to locate, evaluate and use the needed information effectively.”
10. This is the type of communication practiced in corporate meetings, conferences, academic seminars,
political sessions, and juridical proceedings.
11. The selecting of someone or something over
another or others.
12. Unconscious pattern of behavior that is acquired
through frequent repetition.
Enumeration:
•Three elements in nonverbal
communication
•Types of communication based on
purpose and style
•Purpose of Users and Producers of
Media and Information (3 ONLY)
 Traditional or New Media?
1. Magazine
2. Radio
3. Online Video Games
4. Online Telephony and Messaging Capability
5. Tabloid
6. Paperback Novel
7. Television
8. Web Video Portals
 THE EVOLUTION OF MEDIA:
FROM TRADITIONAL TO NEW MEDIA
“The value and function of media have evolved through times… from the
prehistoric age to new information age.”
Media is no longer just a source
of information. It helps to
bridge the economic, political
and societal gaps. It unites
people and nations. It advocates
change and propagates
development for the betterment
of the people and the
communities.
OBJECTIVES:
•Identify traditional media and
new media and their
relationship
•Editorialize the roles and
functions of media in
democratic society
•Search latest on information
and media
Thomas Jefferson
• Third president of United Stated
• Author of the Declaration of
ECONOMIC,
SOCIAL, and
POLITICAL
SCENES
Exposes irregularities and
ambiguities in the system
of democracy.
Media oftentimes the only source of information, it must ensure the following:
1. Implementation of utmost professionalism
2. Must be objective at all times
3. Provide the public with balanced reporting
4. Fair and honest covering of stories and events
5. Examine and comprehend the interest of the public
6. Make avenue to represent different voices and opinions
 The Concepts of Mass Media
and Media Demassification

Mass Media – refer to channels of

communication that involve
transmitting information in some
way, shape or form to large numbers
of people. Traditionally, the mass
media has been differential from
other types of communication in
terms of four essential
characteristics.
Mass Media is only possible Deals with broadcasting
through technology. information to the masses
simultaneously

Technology Scale

Mass
media
Impersonal, lacking
immediacy, and one way

Distance Commodity
Due to its massive scale and technological
equipment it requires, mass media is an
expensive type of communication.
Media Demassification

Demassification is derived from the word

demassify which means to divide or breakup (a
social or political unit) into its component parts.

Unlike mass media communication where the

target is everyone, demassifcation divides the
masses into segments before choosing which
segments to target. In specifically determining
the target market, media demassification can
tailor fit their message and delivery according
to their target market and achieve the intended
purpose.
The Evolution of Media
 The oldest
known figurative painting,
a depiction of a bull, was
discovered in the Lubang
Jeriji Saléh cave dated as
over 40,000 years old.
Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s)

Several discoveries of cave art around the world have proven that
even at a time when no known civilizations existed, the media
have been a part of man’s life. Despite their lack of speech during
those days, cavemen found a means to convey their thoughts.
Although different from our methods, they have the same reasons
we do for using the media.

After the Stone Age, ancient civilizations began to emerge along

with a certain form of speech. The development of language made
record keeping among civilizations possible. This is where the
ancient forms of writing came into the picture.
The Hieroglyphic Script of
the ancient Egyptian
civilization. Developed
round 32000 BCE.
Sumerians developed
another notable ancient
form of writing around
5000 BCE called the
cuneiform.
These earliest scripts were
initially inscribed on wet clay
with a reed implement. Many
believe that the Egyptians
developed the earliest paper
through an abundant reed
found along the Nile River.
History, however, credits the
Han dynasty for the invention
of paper.
Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) -
People used the power of steam,
developed machine tools,
established iron production, and the
manufacturing of various products
(including books through the
printing press).
Motion picture with sound
Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) - The
invention of the transistor ushered in
the electronic age. People harnessed
the power of transistors that led to the
transistor radio, electronic circuits, and
the early computers. In this age, long
distance communication became more
efficient.
Information Age (1900s-2000s) - The
Internet paved the way for faster
communication and the creation of the
social network. People advanced the use of
microelectronics with the invention of
personal computers, mobile devices, and
wearable technology. Moreover, voice,
image, sound and data are digitalized. We
are now living in the information age.
• Web browsers: Mosaic (1993), Internet Explorer (1995)
• Blogs: Blogspot (1999), LiveJournal (1999), Wordpress (2003)
• Social networks: Friendster (2002), Multiply (2003), Facebook (2004)
• Microblogs: Twitter (2006), Tumblr (2007)
• Video: YouTube (2005)
• Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality
• Video chat: Skype (2003), Google Hangouts (2013)
• Search Engines: Google (1996), Yahoo (1995)
• Portable computers- laptops (1980), netbooks (2008), tablets (1993)
• Smart phones
• Wearable technology
Quiz no. 4
1. It is said to be the foundation of democracy.
2. In the evolution of media, the Internet is considered as a medium in this age.
3. This term is derived from the word demassify which means to divide or break
up into its component parts.
4. It is considered a watchdog of the society.
5. It refers to channels of communication that involve transmitting information in
some way, shape or form to large numbers of people.
6. In the evolution of media, television is considered one of the media under this
age.
7. The printing press is invented in this age.
8. Cave painting is considered medium in this age.
9. Characteristic of mass media that tells mass media is an expensive type of
communication due to its massive scale and the technological equipment it
requires.
10. The oldest cave painting was ________ years old.

Enumeration:
1-4 Four essential characteristics of mass media.
5-10 Six things that media has to secure in democratic society.
Performance Task No. 2
POLITICAL CARTOONS
Instructions
1. Draw on a short bond paper a political cartoon
depicting your opinion about how Philippine media
performs its roles and functions in the Philippines
which is a
democratic country. (10 points)
2. Explain the message of your political cartoon in
not less than 3 sentences. (5 points)
 Information
Literacy
“Everybody should be information
literate. It is the key to
development.”
REVIEW:
Define information.

OBJECTIVES:
1. Define information needs, locates,
accesses, assesses, organizes and
communicates information.
2. Demonstrate ethical use of information.
Pre-Test
TRUE or FALSE. Write T if the statement is true. Write the first name of your crush if
the answer is false.
______1. Information is just at the tip of the user’s fingertips.
______2. It is important that an individual’s work or knowledge is given credit
when someone uses it as material.
______3. It is fine not to find out if the source of information is credible and is
based on facts and research.
______4. It is true that privacy is becoming more and more difficult to uphold in
this information age.
______5. Berlo (1971) said that communication of information requires an
understanding of the data.
______6. In the four skills necessary to be information literate, the last skill is to be
able to recognize when information is needed.
______7. Advancements in technology have led to an
insurmountable availability of information and a more
convenient means of accessing them.
______8. With proficient technology skills, students should be
able to locate, collect, synthesize, and evaluate information from
a variety of digital sources, and to use telecommunications and
other media to interact or collaborate with peers, experts, and
other audiences.
______9. Information is defined as facts or details about a
subject.
______10. Whenever people come across information, it is okay
not to validate its authenticity.
 The Information in the Modern Age
Information is defined as facts or details about a subject.
Acquiring information has never been as easy as it is today.
Before people spend a lot of time, effort, and money on research.
Today, information is just at the tip of the user’s fingertips.

Advancements in technology have led to an insurmountable

availability of information and a more convenient means of
accessing them. However, it raises issue of credibility of the
available information.
 Recognize the need Ability to locate and
for information
CV CV
access
Information Literate
Ability to use the
Able toCV
assess and CV
needed information
evaluate
effectively

An information literate individual is able to:

• Access the needed information effectively and efficiently
• Evaluate information and its sources critically
• Incorporate selected information into one’s knowledge base
• Use information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose
• Understand the economic, legal and social issues surrounding the use of
information, and access and use information ethically and legally.
Technology literate students should be able to:
1. Demonstrate an understanding of concepts
underlying hardware, software, networking
connectivity and in the use of computers and
applications;
2. Demonstrate an understanding of ethics and safety
issues in using electronic media and responsible
use of technology, and;
3. Use technology for communication, research and
collaboration and problem-solving.
The Information Needs
Information Today INC defines information need as the motivation
people think and feel to seek information. It is the reason why people go
out of their way to find answers to their questions, or solutions to their
problems.
Since it is such a broad subject, information needs can be further divided
in two, demands and wants according to the University of Washington.

DEMAND
S
WANTS
INFORMATIO
N NEEDS
What is information demands
and information wants?
Information demands refer to the
requirement of information while
information wants deals with the
desire to have information.
.
• According to the University of Copenhagen College of
Information Science, information needs may be prompted
by educational, research, professional, cultural, personal, or
recreational activities. Once the purpose of the need is
recognized, identifying when information is needed become
easier.

• Meltzer (1971) said that communication of information

requires an understanding of the data. Transferring
information from one party to another cannot be considered
communication of information if not understood. This calls
the need for proper evaluation of data
The Ethical Use of Information
The scholars define ethics as the branch of philosophy that
involves systematizing, defending, and recommending
concepts of right and wrong conduct.
While ethics may vary depending on a number of factors, its
core remains the same, mankind’s concept of right and wrong.
1. Give credit where credit is due
2. Practice due diligence
3. Respect everyone’s privacy
4. Separate facts from opinion
QUIZ # 5
1. The teacher announced to the class to look for further informations
on the current situation in Batangas due to ash fall for their assignment.
2. The` girl messaged her friend to ask for more informations about the
sudden breakup of her favorite love team jadine.
3. During his vacant period, he never forget to check her long-time
crush facebook profile.
4. The detective went to the actual scene on where the murder
happened to look for more evidences.
5. You read on the caution written on the packaging before drinking the
energy drink tht was given by your friend.
6. Asking a friend if how was your ex.
7-10 GIVE FOUR ETHICAL USE OF INFORMATION
The Various Media
in the Age of
Information
Media is said to be a powerful force in the society. They’re
everywhere. Voluntarily or involuntarily, millions of
individuals are exposed to it.

At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:

1. Classify contents of different media types
2. Define media convergence through current examples
3. Discuss to class on how a particular individual or
society is portrayed in public using different types of
media
Media has several types. But generally, there are three basic
types of media.
1. Print Media
2. Broadcast Media
3. New Media

The Print Media

Print media is a typed media used in mass communication in the
form of printed publications. The traditional form of print media
involves ink and paper. The major types of print media are
books, magazines, newspapers, newsletters, posters, brochure
and press releases.
A. Book
The book is defined as a set of printed sheets of paper that are held together inside a
cover. It is a long written work intended to inform like reference books or entertain
such as novels.
B. Newspaper
Newspaper refers to as document published regularly, consisting of news reports,
articles, photographs, and advertisements that are printed on large sheets of paper
folded together.
C. Magazine
The magazine is defined as a periodical publication containing articles and
illustrations, typically covering a particular subject or area of interest.
D. Poster
A poster is a bill or placard for posting, which is often placed in a public place.
Posters by nature are visual. It makes use of photos or graphics to convey a
message.
E. Brochure
The brochure is defined as a small, thin book or
magazine that usually has many pictures and
information about a product, or a place, etc. It is
typically used as a form of advertisement or
promotion.
F. Press Release
It is defined as an official statement that gives
information to newspapers, magazines, television
news programs, and radio stations.
Characteristics of Print Media
1. A proponent of literacy – Print media is essentially written media.
One must be able to read to patronize print. By requiring literacy,
print media also promotes it.
2. Portable – Print media is the most portable platform of media. Its size
and weight allow people to carry it everywhere.
3. Independent form of media – Unlike other forms of media, print does
not require a separate medium or technology to transmit or receive
information.
4. Structure – Correct grammar and proper sentence construction is a
must in print media. Arranging material to follow a layout is required
before publishing. The structure is given emphasis in print media.
The Broadcast Media
The term broadcasting refers to the airborne transmission of
electromagnetic audio signals (radio) or audiovisual signals
(television) that are readily accessible to a wide population via
standard receivers.
Example:
• Radio Broadcasting
• TV Broadcasting
Characteristics of Broadcast Media
Two types of radio format in terms frequency”
1. AM (Amplitude Modulated) radio
2. FM (Frequency Modulation) radio
AM radio offers variety stations that feature different program formats
1. Dramatic Programs
2. Non-dramatic Programs
a. News and commentary
b. Talk show
c. Counselling
d. Educational
e. Informative

In FM radio, the majority of the stations offer music and entertainment

program formats. FM Stations based their offerings on the type of
audience they cater.
Television, on the other hand, can be considered as the most
powerful medium in the mass communication. It has a complete
feature. It offers both sight and sounds. It is more convenient to
the audience in terms of exposure and participation.

Television has two main elements.

1. Audio – Sound, music, and voice
2. Video or visual – footage, graphics, and text

Television program formats are almost similar to the program

formats in radio.
The New Media: The World Wide Web
Where ordinary people can go on their computer screens and with
a few clicks of a mouse button, find a vast array of information and
entertainment that originates all around the world.

The Avenues of new media: Social Media Networking Sites

1. Facebook
2. Twitter
3. Instagram
4. Youtube
5. Tumblr
The Convergence of Media in the Age of Information
The age of information has posed threats to the traditional media
platforms (print, radio and TV). In a time when the Internet has
become the media platform of choice for many, the traditional
have expanded their horizons to keep up with the times. They
have moved outside their original medium format and explored
other available media technologies. The phenomenon is called
the convergence of media.
• Digital print media
• Teleradio
• Stream Media
Mass Media and Social Media
Mass Media platforms sought to take advantage of these
numbers and bring their content to a wider audience. As
such, most media companies in existence today, regardless
of their platform turn to social media to grow their
patronage.

For example, news giving bodies understands the need for

timely and relevant news, which is why most of them give
regular updates on social media websites like Facebook,
Twitter, and etc.
 The Media and
Information
Sources
“To know the integrity of the information is to know its
source.”
The Media as information source
One of the primary roles media plays is to inform. From news to
current affairs to lifestyle subjects, weather reports to celebrity updates,
educational subjects to recreational details and more, the wide array of
data the media offers makes it an invaluable source of information.

Indigenous media
Indigenous media may be defined as forms of media expression
conceptualized, produced and circulated by indigenous people around
the globe as vehicles for communication, including cultural
preservation, cultural and artistic expression, political self-
determination, and cultural sovereignty, according to Oxford
bibliographies.
It is a reflection of indigenous communities and has been used as
a powerful social movement catalyst all over the world.
Indigenous media seeks to spark activism, promote advocacy, be
a source of empowerment, and encourage community building
among indigents.

The community media and the indigenous people

Community media is an independent, civil society based media
that operate for social benefit and not for profit according to
UNESCO. As the term implies community media is run by a
community, and for a community. Community in this context can
be geographical or a community of people with the same
interests.
Social movements and community based organizations
make use of community media for a number of reasons:
1. It serves the community by providing access to
information.
2. It also gives the community a platform for raising their
concerns and aids in solving them.
3. Community media also provides a medium for company
discussions.
4. It makes public decision making possible through
information and knowledge sharing among the members
of the community.
Community media is a popular alternative to commercial
media among minority groups like the indigenous
community. What makes community media even more
compelling to the marginalized is the fact that it is basically a
reflection of their community. Here, their traditions are
observed and their language is spoken. Community media
ensures that their culture is preserved without sacrificing
development.

Examples of Indigenous media

1. Ethnographic Films
2. Aboriginal Media
Traditional media as primary source of information
1. Traditional media – print, radio, and television – was initially
invented as a means of mass communication with the purpose to
inform.
• Print can be traced back to ancient record keeping intended to
teach the next generations about their history and practices.
• Radio was developed to break the barrier of distance that hinders
the travel of information from one place to another.
• Television, incorporated educational materials in their early
programming.
Decades after their birth, traditional media still remain as a primary
source of information.
The library as source of information
Library – A place where books, magazines and other
materials (such as videos and musical recordings) are
available for people to use or borrow.

Studies indicate that there has been a decline in the

usage of libraries. In the United States alone, Pew
Research Center shows an annual decrease in the
number of people who have visited the library aged 16
and up from 2012-2015.
The Internet as source of information
Key aspects of Internet as a source of information:
1. Abundance
2. Availability
3. Accessibility

As of 2019, Internet Live Stats has reported over a billion of registered

websites.

By allowing the free flow of information from different sources, the

Internet has made information available to all.

The existence of wireless connections and mobile gadgets made access to

The Internet easier and ever present.
The Legal, Ethical, and
Societal Issues in Media
and Information
Basic Ethical Orientation
Basic ethical orientation refers to the ethical perception of an individual. It is
the reasoning behind his or her moral judgements and ethical practices. The
following are types of basic ethical orientation.
1. Divine Command Theories
• Being good is equivalent to doing whatever the Bible—or the Qur’an or
some other sacred text—tells one to do
• “What is Right” equals “What God tells me to do”

2. The Ethics of Conscience

• Conscience dictates what is right or wrong
• Often has a religious source
• Is often negative in character, telling people what is not right
3. Ethical Egoism
• Says the only person to look out for is oneself

4. The Ethics of Duty

• Begins with the conviction that ethics is about doing what is right,
about doing one’s duty.
• Duty may be determined by reason, professional role, and social role

5. The Ethics of Respect

• Human interactions should be governed by rules of respect
• What counts as respect can vary from one culture to another
6. Utilitarianism
• Seeks tor educe suffering and increase pleasure or happiness
• Demands a high degree of self-sacrifice-considers the
consequences for everyone
• Utilitarians claim the purpose of morality is to make the world a
better place.

7. The Ethics of Justice

• What is fair for one should be fair for all
• Treating people equally may not mean treating them the same
Netiquette
Netiquette or network etiquette is a set of rules for behaving properly online.

Virginia Shea published the following guidelines to cover the bases of netiquette:
Rule # 1: Remember the Human
Rule # 2: Adhere to the same standards of behaviour online that one follows in real
life
Rule # 3: Know where you are in cyberspace
Rule # 4: Respect other people’s time and privacy
Rule # 5: Make oneself look good online
Rule # 6: Share expert knowledge
Rule # 7: Help keeps flame wars under control
Rule # 8: Be forgiving of other people’s mistakes
The Digital Divide,
Addiction and
Bullying
Digital Divide
Benjamin Company defines Digital divide as the disparities in access to telephone,
personal computers, and the Internet across certain demographic groups.

Different segments have varying levels of access to digital developments due to a

number of factors. This can include but are not limited to: race, gender, age,
employment, income, location and religion.

Addiction
Addiction is defined as an overdependence on something or a damaging need to
do something.

Bullying
Bullying is the use of force, coercion, or threat, to abuse, aggressively dominate or
intimidate. The behavior is often repeated and habitual.
Four Types of IP Protection for Businesses
1. Patents
A patent grants property rights on an invention, allowing
the patent holder to exclude others from making, selling,
or using the invention. Inventions allow many businesses
to be successful because they develop new or better
processes or products that offer competitive advantage on
the marketplace. You get a patent by filing a patent
application with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
(USPTO).
Types of Patent:
1. A utility patent is the most common type, covering
any process, machine, article of manufacture, or
composition of matter, or any new and useful
improvements thereof.
2. A design patent covers any new, original,
and ornamental design for an article of manufacture
3. A plant patent covers any new variety of asexually
produced plant.
2. Trademarks
A trademark is a word, phrase, symbol, or
design that distinguishes the source of
products (trademarks) or services (service
marks) of one business from its
competitors. In order to qualify for patent
protection, the mark must be distinctive.
For example, the Nike "swoosh" design
identifies athletic footware made by Nike.
3. Trade Secrets
A trade secret is a formula, process, device, or other
business information that companies keep private to
give them a business advantage over their
competitors. Examples of trade secrets include:
• Soda formulas
• Customer lists
• Survey results
• Computer algorithms
4. Copyright
A legal device that gives the
creator of a literary, artistic,
musical, and other creative works
the sole right to publish and sell
that work.
Remember:
The validity period of a
photographic work’s copyright
based on the Republic Act 8293 (or
the Intellectual Property Code of
the Philippines) is lifetime of the
photographer.
Remember:
RA 10175 addresses issues
related to copyright in
relation to actions of
government and private
sectors.
 Media and
Information
Languages
 Media Languages
are codes, formats, symbols
and narrative structures
that indicate the meaning of
media messages to an
audience.
CODES
are systems of signs
that when put
together create
meaning.

* Semiotics -study
of signs
KILO ECHO ECHO
PAPA
MIKE OSCAR VICTOR
INDIA NOVEMBER
GULF
FOXTROT OSCAR
ROMEO WHISKEY
ALPHA ROMEO DELTA
TANGO HOTEL INDIA
KILO
BRAVO ECHO FOXTROT
OSCAR ROMEO ECHO
YANKEE OSCAR
UNIFORM
CHARLIE LIMA INDIA
CHARLIE KILO
ALPHA BRAVO CHARLIE
DELTA ECHO FOXTROT
GULF HOTEL INDIA
JULIET KILO LIMA MIKE
NOVEMBER OSCAR
PAPA QUEBEC ROMEO
SIERRA TANGO
UNIFORM VICTOR
WHISKEY X-RAY
ALPHA BRAVO CHARLIE
DELTA ECHO FOXTROT
GULF HOTEL INDIA
JULIET KILO LIMA MIKE
NOVEMBER OSCAR
PAPA QUEBEC ROMEO
SIERRA TANGO
UNIFORM VICTOR
WHISKEY X-RAY
 Types Of
Codes:
1. Symbolic Codes
2. Written Codes
3. Technical Codes
 SYMBOLIC CODES
shows what is beneath the
surface of what we see (objects,
setting, body language, clothing,
colour, etc.)or iconic symbols
that are easily understood.
What does a Red Rose
symbolizes?

A red rose may

convey Romance
or Love.
What does a Clenched
Fist Symbolizes?

A clenched fist
may convey
Anger.
What does the colors in a
Traffic Light symbolize?

Red – Stop
Green - Go
Yellow - Ready
ACTIVITY
 WRITTEN CODES
use of language
style and textual
layout (headlines,
captions, speech
bubbles, language
style, etc.)
Headlines
Captions
Speech Bubbles
TECHNICAL CODES
-Are ways in which equipment is use to tell the story
-This includes sound, camera angles, types of shots
and lighting as well as camera techniques, framing,
depth of field, lighting, exposure and juxtaposition.
Camera Shots
 EXTREME LONG SHOT
Also called extreme wide shots such as a large crowd
scene or a view of scenery as far as the horizon.
 LONG SHOT
a view of a situation or setting from a distance
 MEDIUM LONG SHOT
shows a group of individuals interacting with each
other,
example: fight scene with part of their surroundings in
the picture
 Full Shot
A view of a figure’s entire body in order to show
action and/or a constellation group of characters
MEDIUM CLOSE SHOT
shows a subject down to his/her
chest/waist
 CLOSE UP
SHOT
a full-screen shot of a
subject’s face
showing the finest
nuances of expression
EXTREME CLOSE UP
SHOT
a shot of a hand, eye,
mouth, or any object in
Camera Shots:
1. Extreme Long Shot
2.Long Shot
3. Medium Long Shot
4.Full Shot
5. Medium Close Shot
6.Close-up Shot
7. Extreme Close-up Shot
Point of View
 Establishing
Shot
often used at the
beginning of a scene
to indicate the
location or setting, it
is usually a long shot
taken from a neutral
position
 Point-of-View
Shot
shows a scene from the
perspective of a
character or one person.
 Over-the-
Shoulder Shot
often used in dialogue scenes, a
frontal view of a dialogue partner
from the perspective of someone
standing behind and slightly to the
side of the other partner, so that
parts of both can be seen
 Reaction
Shot
short shot of a
character’s
response to an
action
Insert Shot
A detail shot which
quickly gives visual
information necessary
to understand the
meaning of a scene
 Hand-held
Camera Shot
The camera is not
mounted on a tripod
and instead is held by
the cameraperson,
resulting in less stable
shots
Point of View:
1. Establishing Shot
2. Point-of-View Shot
3. Over-the-Shoulder Shot
4. Reaction Shot
5. Insert Shot
6. Hand-Held Camera shot
Camera
Angles
 Aerial Shot
-Overhead Shot
-Also called Bird’s Eye Shot
-Long or extreme long shot of the ground from the air
 High-Angle Shot
shows people or objects from above higher than eye level
 Low-Angle Shot
-Below Shot
-Shows people or objects from below, lower than eye level
 Eye-Level Shot
-Straight-on Angle
-Views a subject from the level of a person’s eye
Camera Angles
1. Aerial Shot
2. High-Angle Shot
3. Low-Angle Shot
4. Eye-Level Shot
Camera Movements
Camera Movements: an introduction, with examples and explanations.
QUIZ # 2
I.SPELLING
10 ITEMS
II.
1-3. What are the three types of codes?
4. A type of code that shows what is beneath the
surface of what we see. 5. A type of code in
which equipment is use to tell the story.
6-10. Give the phonetic alphabet of the
following:
JUSTIN DREW BIEBER
III. Identify the different kind of shots

1. 3.

2.
CHOICES:
• Extreme long shot
• Long shot
• Medium long shot
• Full shot
4. 5.

6. 7-10. Give at least four camera movements.

1. whiskey
2. Oklahoma
3. privilege
4. terrace
5. algae
6. extravagant
7. millionaire/ millionnaire
8. threaten
9. apocalypse
10.Philippines
II.
1-3. What are the three types of codes?
SYMBOLIC, WRITTEN AND TECHNICAL
4. A type of code that shows what is beneath the
surface of what we see. SYMBOLIC
5. A type of code in which equipment is use to tell
the story. TECHNICAL
6-10. Give the phonetic alphabet of the following:
JUSTIN DREW BIEBER
ALPHA BRAVO CHARLIE
DELTA ECHO FOXTROT
GULF HOTEL INDIA
JULIET KILO LIMA MIKE
NOVEMBER OSCAR
PAPA QUEBEC ROMEO
SIERRA TANGO
UNIFORM VICTOR
WHISKEY X-RAY
People Media
 How do you understand the term “people
media”?
• refers to persons that are involved
in the use, analysis, evaluation and
production of media and
information
• People in Media and People as
Who do you think are
“people media”?
 PEOPLE AS MEDIA or
PEOPLE IN MEDIA
1. SHS Teacher
2. Radio Commentator
3. Independent Blogger
4. YouTubers
5. Print Journalist
6. News Reporter
7. Your Classmate
8. Facebook User
9. Movie Director
10. College Professor
People as Media
People who are well-oriented to media
sources and messages and able to provide
information as accurate and reliable as
possible.

People in Media
Media practitioners who provide information
coming from their expert knowledge or first-
hand experience of event.
 PEOPLE AS
MEDIA
1.Opinion Leaders
2.Citizen Journalism
3.Social Journalism
4.Crowdsourcing
 OPINION
LEADERS
• highly exposed to and
actively using media
• source of viable
interpretation of
messages for lower end
media users
• opinions are accepted
 CITIZEN JOURNALISM
• People without professional journalism training can
use the tools of modern technology and internet to
create, augment or fact-check media on their own or
in collaboration with others.
 SOCIAL JOURNALISM
• Journalists are using social media to make
their content available to more people.
 CROWDSOURCING
• the practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or
content by soliciting contributions from a large group of
people and especially from the online community.
 People in
Media
•media practitioners
•provide information
coming from their expert
knowledge or first- hand
experience of events
 TYPES OF
JOURNALIST BY
MEDIUM

• Print Journalists
• Photojournalists
• Broadcast Journalists
• Multimedia Journalist
People in Media
•media practitioners
• experts
• provide information to media users
People as Media
•media users
•well-oriented to media sources and messages
• intermediaries, provide information to lower- end media users
Lower – end Media Users
• people with limited access to media and information
 COOPERATIVE LEARNING: CASE STUDY
IMPACT OF CITIZEN JOURNALISM AND SOCIAL MEDIA
1. How was Mr. Nestor Punzalan affected by being wrongfully
accused in social media as the suspect in the said shooting
incident?
2. What is the liability of Top Gear, other media outlets, and
netizens who wrongfully accused Mr. Nestor Punzalan as the
suspect in the said shooting incident?
3. What positive and negative effects of media and information on
individual and society were evident in this incident?
4. How can we prevent this kind of incident as experienced by Mr.
Punzalan from happening in the future?
5. What important lessons can we learn from this event as a social
media user?