Life Science:

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE

Justin Clifford S. Mayor

Discussant
 BIOLOGY
What: Biology is the study of all living organisms (and dead
organisms, like fossils). Biology looks at how these organisms
form, develop and interact with each other and their environment.
This includes all life; Humans, insects, plants, fungi, bacteria,
anything that needs nutrients to survive.

Who: Aristotle is regarded as the Father of Biology.

 TRIVIA
The term biology was first used by famous scientists Lamarck
and Treviranus in 1802. The term biology is originated in the
Greek language in which Bios means life; logos means discourse.
THREE MAJOR BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

1. Microbiology
2. Zoology
3. Botany
THREE MAJOR BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCES

1. Microbiology
-is the study of microorganisms such as:
• Bacteria
• Protozoa
• Algae
• Fungi
1. MICROBIOLOGY

•Bacteria
are tiny, single-celled living
organisms. There are millions of
different types of bacteria. Many
can be found in and on your body
and are beneficial to you. These
bacteria make up your microbiome,
which keeps your body healthy.
(spirilla)
Other bacteria can make you sick.

The three common types of bacteria.

1. MICROBIOLOGY

•Protozoa
Protozoan means the ‘first animal’.
Protozoa are unicellular
microorganisms. They are found in
ponds, lakes, rivers, sea and damp soil.
They are either saprophytic or parasitic.

Amebiasis is an intestinal illness caused

by a microscopic parasite called
Entamoeba histolytica, which is spread Photo of Amoeba.
through human feces.
1. MICROBIOLOGY

•Algae
Algae are capable of
photosynthesis. They
have chlorophyll just like
plants. However, they
lack true roots, stems and
leaves.

Algae under a microscope.

1. MICROBIOLOGY

•Fungi
A fungus is any member of the
group of eukaryotic organisms that
includes microorganisms such as
yeasts and molds, as well as the
more familiar mushrooms
THREE MAJOR BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCES

2. Zoology
Zoology is the study of all
animals of all shapes and
sizes, from tiny insects to
large mammals. Zoologists
investigate what animals eat
and how they live, and how
animals interact with their
habitats.
THREE MAJOR BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCES

3. Botany
Botany deals with the study of
plants, including their structure,
properties, and biochemical
processes. Also included are plant
classification and the study of plant
diseases and of interactions with the
environment.
NEW SPECIALIZED BRANCHES OF
BIOLOGY
The new specialized branches of biology is
divided into two approach:

• Molecular Approach
• Physiological Approach
THE TABLE BELOW IS THE SAMPLING OF NEW SCIENCES.
New Biological Sciences
Microbial Genetics
Microbial Physiology
Microbial Pathogenesis
Plant Molecular Biology
Plant Genetics
Animal Morphoanatomy
Animal Physiology
Subject of study/investigation and tools
Utilized
Genetic Function and Structure of Microbes
Physiological and biochemical processes of
microbes
How microbes attack host cells
Molecular aspects of plants from genome to
proteins
Genetic Structure and Function of Plants
Macroscopic and microscopic structures of
animals
Physiological and biochemical processes of
animals
THE TABLE BELOW IS THE SAMPLING OF NEW SCIENCES.

New Biological Sciences Subject of study/investigation and tools

Utilized
Cytogenetics Chromosomes structure and behavior
Molecular Genetics Molecular aspect genes
Proteomics Protein structure and function
Genomics Genetic material from coding to non-coding
Transcriptomics Messenger RNAs produced by a cell/organism
Enzymology Enzymes function and kinetics
THE ATTRIBUTES OF LIFE

1. Living things have cellular composition consistent

with the cell theory.
2. Living things have a unique biochemical
composition, a biochemistry of life
3. Living things need a continuous supply of energy
for maintenance and survival.
THE ATTRIBUTES OF LIFE

4. Living things continuously need nutrition to maintain

their existence.
5. Living things respond to stimuli with a self- protective
purpose.
6. Living things grow and develop towards complexity.
7. Living things reproduce to ensure the survival of the
species.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!