Characteristics of living organisms

• Movement
• Respiration
• Sensitivity
• Growth
• Excretion
• nutrition
Additional Feature… Made up of cells
• Cell membrane
• DNA in nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Ribosomes
• Enzymes/ Proteins
Classification
• Grouping of organism on different basis
• Behavioral or physical feature
• Morphology (Study of structure of organism)
• Anatomy (Study of internal gross structure after dissection)
• DNA …. The most advanced way of grouping
• DNA made up of A,T,G,C … Nucleotide basis…
• More similar will be the sequence of basis …. More closely related will
be the organisms
Classification System
• Lineaus … 1735…. 12000 species
• Classification was done on the basis of behavioral and apparent
features.
• Define Species???
All organisms which can interbreed and can produce a fertile offspring.
Taxonomic Ranks
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
Binomial Nomenclature
• Internationally agreed system of assigning scientific names to living
organisms… Each organism is assigned two names (usually latin)
• e.g
• Homo sapiens / Homo sapiens
• Scientific name of wolf…. Canis lupis
Used as C. lupis…… later on in the text.
Activity
Kingdoms of Living Organisms
• Animalia
• Plantae
• Fungi
• Protista
• Prokaryotae
Kingdom Animalia
• Write down the Characteristics of
organism in Kingdom Animalia
• Multicellular
• No cell wall
• No chloroplast
• Feed on organic substances made
by other organism (Heterotrophs)
• Sea Anemone…. a Mystery
Kingdom Plantae
• Commonly named as flowering bodies
• What about some which do not have flowers
• Mosses and ferns
• Chlorophyll
• What are the characteristics of organisms in
Kingdom plantae
• Cells having cell wall, nucleus, chloroplast.
• Synthesize their food on their own by
photosynthesis
• Multicellular
• Roots stem leaves
Activity
Kingdom Fungi
• Characteristics of Fungi
• Multicellular
• Cell wall not made up of cellulose
• Nucleus
• No chlorophyll
• Parasitic mode of feeding or either saprotrophic
• Mushrooms and Yeast