Types of Planting

Materials (Propagules)
G9 TLE
 Methods of Plant
Propagation

A. Propagation by seed
B. Végétative or Asexual
agenda Propagation
Kinds of Vegetative
Propagules
Practices and Operations in
Nursery
SUMMARY
 introduction
The planting materials or
propagules can be prepared through
seeds and by asexual means. The
asexual means of propagation in most
instances is preferred, but there are
plant species that do not lend
themselves to this method of
propagation. Some species can only be
multiplied using seeds
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Methods of Plant
Propagation
 A. Propagation by seed-

the use of seed is the most

practical and even the cheapest
way of propagation

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 Advantages of using seeds

Most practical and cheapest

way Stronger anchorage (for
fruit trees grown from seed)
which makes the trees resistant
to strong winds.
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 Disadvantages of using seeds
Fruit trees take a longer time to bear
fruits The resulting plant does not
retain the characteristics of the
parents because of gene segregation.
Plants tend to grow into large trees.

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 Seed Quality/Viability
Seeds can be categorized into two
types based on the initial moisture
content during extraction and the way
viability is influenced by reduction in
moisture while a storage.

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 Seed Quality/Viability
1.Recalcitrant seeds- here the moisture content is initially
high and the loss by drying below the critical level (20%0
will lead to rapid loss of viability. Examples are mango,
lanzones, santol, jackfruit, rubber, and oil palm.
2. Orthodox seeds- these seeds can be dried to prevent
respiratory processes and placed in airtight containers to
exclude oxygen. Refrigeration and the use of desiccants in
ordinary room storage will ensure viability to be extended for a
year.
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 Germination Test
One way of assessing the viability of seeds is
by performing germination test. Most seeds
especially fruits and plantation crops are
enclosed by a hard seed coat or mucilaginous
material that prevents the entry of water into the
seed. Water inhibition or absorption is the first
step in seed germination
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 Germination Test
Scarification- this procedure can be done chemically (dipping in
sulfuric or hydrochloric acids foe less than minute); mechanically
( soaking seeds in plain water until the seeds swell; dipping in
boiling water for around 5 seconds; use the nail cutter to remove a
small portion of seed to allow water to enter; physical cracking or
rubbing the seed in sandpaper.

Removal of the mucilaginous substance by soaking the seeds

(papaya) overnight; rubbing with fine sand for cacao and santol.
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 B. Végétative or Asexual Propagation
The planting materials used here are
vegetative propagules obtained from roots,
stems, leaves, and asexual propagated
seedlings.

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 The advantages in the use of vegetative
propagated materials are:

• They produce true-to-type.

• Suitable for plant species that do not
normally produce seeds or may also produce
seeds but are difficult to germinate.

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 • Trees are smaller compared to those
propagated by seeds and they bear fruits
much earlier. Highly useful for species with
distinct maleness and femaleness (example:
rambutan)

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 Kinds of Vegetative
Propagules

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 • these are
1. Runners specialized growing
stem parts that arise
from leaf axils of the
plant and form roots of
their own that render
them excellent
propagating materials
like strawberry and
black pepper.

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 2. Slips

leafy shoots that arise

from axillary buds
produced at the base of
the plant.

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 3. Suckers

adventitious roots that

arise from underground
stems below the ground.

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 4. Corms-

underground solid stem

structures that contain nodes
and internodes; the corm can be
further divided into several seed
pieces.
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 5. Root cuttings

these are used in

propagating
breadfruit.

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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
6. Leaf bud cuttings-
these are derived
from axillary buds in stem
and leaf; the stem bearing
buds are cut into pieces
and inserted in a rooting
medium. (example: black
pepper).

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 7. Stem cuttings
• is plant stem
including a tip (e.g.
shoot, twig, sucker,)
or a portion of a
stem without the
apex that includes
one or more
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 Asexually propagated materials produced from layerage, marcotting,
grafting, and budding.

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 PRACTICES AND OPERATIONS IN
NURSERY
The nursery is a facility where
planting materials are grown, cared and
maintained until the propagules are
ready to be transferred to a permanent
site for commercial growing

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 THE COMMON PRACTICES OR
OPERATIONS IN A NURSERY

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 • 1. Preparation, use and maintenance of germination or rooting
beds to be used only for germinating seeds or rooting of
cuttings. 2. Potting or the transfer of young seedlings to
individual containers like thick black plastic bags in various
sizes. The size of plastic bag varies with the size of the seeds.

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 • 3. Care and maintenance of seedlings ready for transplanting.
Normally seedlings are ready for transplanting when they
attained around 30 cm in height and at least 3-4 mature leaves
but this varies with species and variety.
• 4. Management of light (solar energy in nursery) Some form
of shade is needed by some seedlings while in the early stages
of growth and development and also those that are in the
rooting beds. The shade can be provided naturally in
conditions provided by the canopy of coconuts and artificial
structure like nets, bamboo slat or used plastics in improvised
screen houses.

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 Plant propagation is the process which grows new
plants from a variety of sources like from seeds, cuttings,
and other plant parts for intentional production of new
plants using various starter materials (e.g. organs,
tissues), including their intensive but temporary care. It
is primarily practiced to produce seedlings or clones of
nursery crops for out planting, or for planting in
containers for display or decor or other uses.

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 Nursery crops are those which commonly
require the use of regrown planting materials
for out planting, or field planting. A plant
nursery is the place where seedlings, clones,
and potted plants are raised temporarily under
intensive care.

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 Types of propagation:
Sexual and asexual. Sexual reproduction is
the union of the pollen and egg, drawing from
the genes of two parents to create a new, third
individual. Sexual propagation involves the
floral parts of a plant.

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 The major methods of asexual propagation
1. Cuttings
2. Layering
3. Division
4. Budding
5. Grafting

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 Cuttings involve rooting a severed piece
of the parent plant; layering involves rooting
a part of the parent and then severing it; and
budding and grafting is joining two plant
parts from different varieties.

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 The common tools used for plant
propagation

are grafting chisel, small mallet,

grafting wrap or tape and
grafting wax.

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 Learning Task 1 : Examine the
following pictures. Identify the
type of vegetative propagules.

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 Learning Task 2: Find the word that
describes the types of planting
materials.

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 summary

The planting materials or propagules

can be prepared through seeds and by
asexual means. The asexual means of
propagation in most instances is
preferred, but there are plant species
that do not lend themselves to this
method of propagation. Some species
can only be multiplied through the
use of seeds.

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 thank you

“Don’t judge each day by the harvest

you reap but by the seeds you plant.”
— Robert Louis Stevenson